假訊息管制與資訊揭露義務──以選罷法、公投法及其修正草案為中心

Fighting Disinformation with Regulations on Campaign Ads?–An Analysis on the Amending Bills of Election Act and Referendum Act

著眼於總統選罷法、公職選罷法與公投法以假訊息管制為目標的修正草案內容，本文即在探討廣告資訊揭露是否為對抗選罷公投假訊息的適足管制手段。透過資訊揭露在選罷公投法規範架構中的體系定位，本文指出政治獻金和廣告、民調、文宣等競選言論的資訊揭露，皆具有維護國家行為公正性、競選程序公正性和競選程序透明性的功能。令人遺憾的是，現行法的管制手段設計上充斥著規範價值的衝突和管制客體的闕漏。日前行政院所提出的兩選罷法及公投法草案，在一定程度上修正了現行法的缺失，但與資訊揭露義務之規範邏輯矛盾的緊急限制競選廣告刊播令，則不僅無法達到假訊息管制的目的，同時也削弱了競選廣告的整體管制架構。

In light of the disorderly campaign period 2018, the Executive Yuan has submitted amending bills of Election Act and Referendum Act, which aimto tackle disinformationwith extended regulations on campaign ads. The current essay, therefore, deems it necessary to clarify, whether disclosure of campaign ads andinjunction of false campaign ads sufficein the fight against campaign disinformation. From the perspective of campaign regulations, information disclosure of campaign contributions and campaign speech such as ads and pollsserves to protectintegrity of elected officials, integrity of campaign process and transparency of campaign process. The current regulation framework ishoweverill-designed on both theoretical and practical levels. Certainly, the amending bills of Election Act and Referendum Act areagreeable for correcting some deficiencies, the newly introduced injunction of false campaign ads, regrettably,neither helps to tackle disinformation nor is compatible with the regulation model of campaign ads, because itstarget is inadequatelylimited to campaign ads.