「關公顯聖」之教化與效果──以毛宗崗的評點為路線

The Education and Effect of “GuanGong’s Sacred Manifestation”－Taking Mao Zonggang’s Commentary as the Route

在眾多古典小說中，《三國演義》（以下簡稱《三國》）可謂是影響華人最深的一部小說，其程度也遠超過同類型的作品。「三國」的話題，已是無古 今中外，超越任何時空，到了現今廿一世紀仍然是方興未艾。然而歷史關公的描述，在羅貫中的《三國》裡已符合華人的閱讀期待，結合歷史演遞與傳 說，並由毛綸、毛宗崗父子合評為《毛宗崗評傳三國志演義》（以下簡稱《毛本》），更使得關公形象深植民心。關公的信仰視域是不斷與歷史照面，信仰 與歷史的交重很可能發生於諸多人的生活之中，對華人由之而來的那種傳統的理解，以一種素樸的動力使融合過程加深了。歷史與現代，在這存在視域下， 不斷地被「顯聖」結合成一種更為活靈活現的生活，在日夜交替之際，人因為有「聖」故能「顯」，其主體的意義被現象所突顯，依心的直覺觀察，並發覺 此一效果。筆者嚐試以伽達默爾的「效果歷史」的詮釋方法，以「理解」、「解釋」與「應用」為行文的主要論述，來探論羅貫中與《毛本》批注「關 公顯聖」之文的意義，並詮釋關公的顯聖所以深植歷史的效果。《毛本》中尚有未發明之處，則輔以民間流通的關公信仰相關之經典，來印證關公顯聖的原 由與意義。本文以小說和民間信仰及詮釋學諸方面來探論，期待能為「關公顯聖」的義蘊做出更為深層的探論。

 

Luo Guanzhong’s Romance of the Three Kingdoms has not yet fully met the Chinese reading expectations. Combined with historical performances and legends, it was named “Mao Zonggang’s Biography of the Three Kingdoms” by Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang. Through this version, the image of Guan Gong is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The traditional understanding that comes from it has deepened the integration process with a simple original appearance. History and modernity, under the circumstance of this heavy existence, are constantly being combined into a more lively life by “Sacred Manifestation”. When the day and night alternate, people can “show” because of “sanctification”, the meaning of its subject is highlighted by the phenomenon, and the intuitiveness of the heart is actually found to have this effect. The author attempts to use the interpretation of Gadamer’s “Wirkungsgeschichte” to “understand”, “interpret” and “apply” as the main exposition of the text, to explore the significance of Luo Guanzhong and Mao Ben’s commentary on “GuanGong’s Sacred Manifestation,” and to interpret the effect of Guan Gong’s sacredness deeply into history. There are still some points needed to be clarified in Mao’s version. If it is supplemented by the classics of GuanGong, which is a folk circulation, the origin and significance of Guan Gong can be proved. Based on the novels, folk beliefs and hermeneutics, the author hopes to make a deeper exploration of the meaning of “GuanGong’s sacred Sacred Manifestation”.