威瑪共和的國家學：導讀（譯文）

The Political Science of the Weimar Republic: An Introduction

國家法學實證主義在威瑪共和時期的動盪背景中，傳統論述無法提供令人滿意的解答，因而造成國家學（Staatslehre）蓬勃的發展。在諸多的國家學說中，尤以凱爾森（Hans Kelsen）、施密特（Carl Schmitt）、Rudolf Smend以及Hermann Heller。這四個人對於日後影響深遠：凱爾森的法實證主義、施密特的決定思維、Smend的融合理論、Heller民主與社會法治國的理論等。他們的理論源於不同精神層面，且影響不同的政治制度。其受到耶林（Rudolf von Jhering）與耶里內克（Jellinek）的影響。本篇原作者認為，凱爾森是極端的凸顯耶里內克國家學的概念邏輯面向。施密特則將呈現社會心理學面向的國家法學。目的概念，如耶林將其再次在法學思維發揮效用，幫助Heller重新結合19世紀舊國家學的國家目的理論。

In the turbulent background of the Weimar Republic, the national legal positivism cannot provide a satisfactory answer. Thus, causing the vigorous development of the national studies (Staatslehre). Among the many, especially Hans Kelsen, Carl Schmitt, Rudolf Smend and Hermann Heller. These four people have deep influence for the future: Kelsen’s legal positivism, Schmidt’s decision Thinking, Smend’s integration theory, Heller’s theory of democracy and social rule of law. Their theory stems from different spiritual levels and affects different political systems. It was received by Rudolf von Jhering and Georg Jellinek. The original author this Text, believes that Kelsen is extremely conceptually oriented to the conceptual logic of Jellinek’s national studies. Schmidt will present the national jurisprudence of social psychology. The concept of purpose, such as Jhering represent, once again played its role in legal thinking, helping Heller recombine the theory of state goals of the 19th century old national studies.