「老年休閒」：繪畫題材、休閒生活型態、動機與效益

Elder Leisure: Painting Theme, Leisure Lifestyle, Motivation and Benefit

「休閒」被視為成功老化的必要元素，因此，參與繪畫活動的老年人，其繪畫題材、休閒生活型態類型及其間關係？以及參與動機為何？與效益間的關係？均為本研究探討的問題。立意取樣中彰地區的長青學苑等機構共13處為資料蒐集地點，研究對象限定65歲以上，且繪畫經驗至少持續一個月以上，2009年4至5月利用繪畫課堂時間收集資料，有效問卷總計302份，以因素分析、集群分析與典型相關等方法分析資料。研究結果顯示「他人指定」是老年畫者最常表現的繪畫題材，其次是「生活觀察」，較少表現未來的想法與想像；休閒生活型態分為「多元休閒型」與「社會資訊型」兩類，進一步分析發現不同休閒生活型態其繪畫題材也會隨之不同。此外，繪畫動機與效益間蘊含二組典型正相關，「休閒」與「懷舊」動機能產生「心理」之效益。研究建議繪畫休閒能帶給老年參與者不同面向的效益，應加強實務推廣以協助高齡化社會的健全性發展。

Leisure' is seen as an essential element of successful aging. Therefore, what are the subjects of paintings of the elderly involved in painting activities? What are the types of leisure and lifestyle of the elderly? What is the relationship between leisure lifestyle and subject matter of painting derived from their daily experiences? Furthermore, what are the motives behind the participation of elderly painters? What are the relationships between motives and their benefits? Those above-mentioned issues were discussed in this study. Purposive sampling was performed in the areas of Evergreen Academy Chang for the data collection, representing a total of 13 sites. This study limited subjects to 65 years or more, and painting experiences at least more than one month. In April-May 2009, data was collected by the painting classroom time. Factor analysis, cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis were performed to analyze the data of a total of 302 valid questionnaires. The results indicated that 'other specified' is the most common theme for painter's painting, followed by 'observing life'; leisure lifestyle into 'multiple recreation' and 'Social Information Type 'categories. Further analysis found that different types of leisure activities will follow the different subjects of their paintings. In addition, the painting contains between motivation and effectiveness of typical two groups are related to 'leisure' as the motivation of the elderly painter's painting from the painting to receive more 'social' and 'psychological' benefits. Research suggests that the elderly participants can bring paintings of different leisure-oriented benefits. Practices should be strengthened to help promote the soundness of the development of aging society.