公務員個人資料之公開與保護－－日本之立法與實務帶來之啟示

How to Disclose and Protect the Personal Data of Public Officials: The Lesson Learned from Japanese Legislation and Adjudication

政府資訊公開法（下稱政資法）立法係在建立制度，透明化行政過程，讓公務員等執行職務之相關資訊公開或提供給人民，以增進其對公共事務之理解、信賴及予以監督。然公務員執行職務資訊之內容，因包含有公務員姓名、職稱等得識別特定個人之資料，又屬公務員個人資料（下稱個資）。為讓行政過程透明化，達成政資法立法目的，及適當保護公務員對自己資料自主權間求取平衡，在「政資法」與「個資法」適用上發生交錯介面時，該當資料如何適用法律，以決定公開與否及其公開之範圍為重要課題。
本文先介紹日本政資法立法時之考量重點、選擇之立法方式及法施行後政府機關因應之對策，再佐以實務上案例及判決例，分析說明有關公務員個資公開或保護範圍及其判斷基準，之後依我國現行政資法、個資法相關規定及判決實務，檢討有關公務員個資公開之範圍及法律適用上問題，並提出建議。

The Freedom of Government Information Act establishes the legality of providing information of administrative procedure and public officials for the purpose of enhancing people's understanding in public affairs, promoting trust and the ability to supervise the government. On the other hand, the personal data of public officials, protected by the Personal Data Protection Act, is not to be disclosed arbitrarily. Therefore, how to take balance between applying the Freedom of Government Information Act and protecting the public officials' right to self-control their personal data? How to apply legal provisions properly to decide whether the information should be disclosed or not? These are very important and difficult issues.
This article first introduces the Freedom of Government Information Act in Japan, including the measures made by Japanese government to obey the law. Then it analyses court decisions and concepts of law, and the scope of legal protection. Further, according
to the Freedom of Government Information Act and the Personal Data Protection Act in Taiwan, it discusses whether, when and how to disclose personal data of public officials, and the proper legal criteria, with the consideration of court opinions. Finally, this article identifies current legal issues in Taiwan and offers recommendations.