從日本之提案權制度反思我國股東提案權以及臨時動議提出權

Examination of Domestic Shareholder Proposal and Extemporary Motion Through the Proposal Mechanism of Japan

公司法第172條之1提案權之增訂，對於強化公司與股東間之溝通，以及在公司治理上具有重要之意義。然股東除了第172條之1事前之提案權外，另於股東會開會之際，股東在現場亦可提出臨時動議，藉此股東亦可享有議案之提出權利。然我國法對臨時動議之主要規範為公司法第172條第5項，其與第172條之1提案權相較，除其提案股東形式資格要件更為寬鬆，對提案內容之規範不足之情況下，因此實務上屢屢發生為規避第172條之1提案權行使之限制，而濫用臨時動議之現象，導致對未出席股東造成突襲之效果，引發公司治理的亂象。因此本文以日本實施近30年的提案權制度為借鏡，其提案權之理論與在實際運作上值得我國法參考學習之處，藉以檢討我國實務上及法制上關於提案權制度以及在臨時動議規範上之缺失。

Enacting the proviso of shareholder proposals in Article 172-1 of the Company Act is imperative to managing a company because it facilitates communication between the company and its shareholders. In addition to the proposals submitted before a shareholders' meeting as set forth in Article 172-1, shareholders can propose extemporary motions during the shareholders' meeting. However, domestic regulations regarding extemporary motions are mainly stated in Paragraph 5 of Article 172 of the Company Act. Compared with the proviso of shareholder proposals in Article 172-1, the regulation of shareholder proposal for extemporary motion is less restricted in Paragraph 5 of Article 172. Under the condition of a shareholder proposal with invalid content, the shareholder often attempts to bypass the restriction set forth in Article 172-1 by abusing extemporary motions during the meeting, which can catch absent shareholders off guard and cause chaotic company management. Therefore, this study reviewed the inadequacies of the domestic shareholder proposal mechanism and extemporary motion by evaluating the potential theoretical and practical application of the Japanese proposal mechanism that has been established for 30 years.