影響國小學童科技創意發展的因素之量表發展

The Development of Inventories for Determining Factors that Influence Pupils' Technological Creativity

本研究基於創意發展的生態系統模式，嘗試編製三份影響國小學童科技創意表現的量表－「國小學童科技創意發展個人因素量表」（IPF-PTCD）、「國小學童科技創意發展家庭因素量表」（IFF-PTCD）以及「國小學童科技創意發展學校因素量表」（ISF-PTCD）。本研究以量化的驗證取向來編製量表，即以大樣本的創造力測驗分數來篩選能區辨高低創意的題目，之後再進行信度及效度考驗。本研究的參與者包括2166人位國小四年級至六年級的學童；主要的測量工具包括初編的IPF-PTCD、IFF-PTCD、ISF-PTCD和葉玉珠（2002）編製的科技創造力測驗。研究發現，所編量表具有良好的內部一致性，而且量表中的因素之間也都具有中度到高度的相關。此外，所編量表也具有良好的建構效度，而且能有效區別高低創意的學童。IPF-PTCD 包含四個因素、 IFF-PTCD 包含二個因素、ISF-PTCD 包含四個因素。

Based on the ecological systems model of creativity development, this study aimed to develop three inventories for determining factors that influence pupils' technological creativity. The three inventories were: Inventory of Personal Factors in Pupils' Technological Creativity Development (IPF-PTCD), Inventory of Family Factors in Pupils' Technological Creativity Development (IFF-PTCD), and Inventory of School Factors in Pupils' Technological Creativity Development (ISF-PTCD). This study employed a quantitative confirmatory approach to develop the above inventories. In other words, before analyzing the reliability and validity of the test items, this study used the scores on a technological creativity test as the criterion for choosing appropriate items for the inventories. The participants in this study included 2166 pupils. The main instruments used were the IPF-PTCD, IFF-PTCD, and ISF-PTCD. The findings suggest that the developed inventories have good internal-consistent reliability, and the factors in each inventory have a medium to high level of correlation. Moreover, the developed inventories have good construct validity, and each item as well as each factor can effectively discriminate the high-creativity pupils from the low-creativity ones. The IPF-PTCD, IFF-PTCD, and ISF-PTCD included four, two, and four factors, respectively.