有待補足的靈修方塊──馬賽爾與聖女小德蘭的懇談

The Last Piece of Jigsaw Puzzle Required for Fulfillment in Spirituality－a Dialogue between Gabriel Marcel and Saint Theresa of Lisieux

馬賽爾思想體系，除了涵括存在現象學、形上學、宗教哲學外，尚指向靈 修實踐，只是修行要旨與脈絡仍隱而不顯，而散處於不同篇幅的提示，亦須整 理與澄清。恰好聖女小德蘭的「神嬰小道」能把馬氏靈修提示加以疏解和顯題 化，如同為整幅拼圖提供最後一塊遺缺一般，讓全景得以完整活現。小德蘭與 馬賽爾能有的靈修懇談給予我們以下的比對：

 

其一，小德蘭以赤子般對天父的信賴，正好匹配了馬賽爾所強調的「信」 與「忠信」。

 

其二，小德蘭以絕對盼望高出一般附屬奇恩，對應了馬氏的「絕對希望」 超出一切「普通希望」。

 

其三，小德蘭以愛主愛人作生活指標，也相應著馬賽爾以主體際性的融通 來邂逅「絕對的祢」。再者，「愛始於家庭，及於萬物，終於聖三」，這脈絡 同是小德蘭和馬賽爾在自傳中的綜合話題；他們一起標榜：凡活於信、望、愛 者，則人人皆可邁向成全，如同天父一般地成全。

 

Gabriel Marcel endeavors to expound his view of philosophy from Existential Phenomenology through Metaphysics to Spirituality. Yet, no matter how explicit he is in explaining about his Phenomenology and Metaphysics, he still remains only implicit in his way of figuring out his thoughts on Spirituality. This last gap may apparently be fulfilled through a certain dialogue between Marcel and Saint Theresa of Lisieux who in her “Way of Spiritual Infancy” may serve as a spring-board in cementing the hole within the panorama of Marcel’s philosophical system. Theresa’s proposal of an absolute trust in the Lord, together with the aim of mystical love, as well as purgation in place of extraordinary experiences, may highlight for us the doctrine of Faith, Hope, and Love already embedded in Marcel’s philosophical thinking. In addition, the dialogue between the two persons especially emphasizes the intersubjectivity leading from human persons to the Holy Trinity that forms a perfect community as a mode for all families.