論外國人的基本權地位－－ 德國法的比較觀察

On the Basic Rights of Foreigners: From the Perspective of German Law

在經濟全球化與區域性經濟整合日益加速的時代，由於人員跨國移動的可能性大幅增加，導致在憲法學逐漸重視外國人基本權地位的問題。受到傳統「領域國家」的影響，我國與德國的基本權釋義學通常將基本權區分為「人權」、「國民權」與「公民權」三種類型。然而，如此的分類模式晚近遭受嚴重質疑，認為過於受到傳統國家疆域封閉性思想的影響，以致帶有歧視外國人與強烈排外的色彩，與全球化及區域整合的趨勢不符。就此批評，本文嘗試從比較法的觀點，說明基本權三分法背後的實質考量，以及如何考量國際現實與國際法現狀，在維持本國人與外國人區分的同時，縮小本國人與外國人法律地位的差距，並提供外國人適當的基本權保障。

In the era of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the possibility of cross-border movement has increased dramatically, which has led to the increasing debate on the status of fundamental rights of foreigners in constitutional law. The interpretation of fundamental rights in Taiwan and Germany usually divides the basic rights into three types: “human rights”, “national rights” and “citizenship rights”. However, such a classification model has recently been seriously questioned. Critics mean that is resulting in discrimination against foreigners and globalization and regional integration trends. Against this opinion, this article tries to explain the substantive considerations behind the basic right-based trichotomy and how to strengthen the status quo of foreigners while maintaining the distinction between native people and foreigners in the interpretation of fundamental rights.