論關漢卿雜劇中的官員形象及其塑造手法

The Study of The Officials' Image-Building of Kuan Han-Ching's Drama

關漢卿是元代卓越的劇作家，本文透過關漢卿現存雜劇，考察其劇作中官員人物的類型與形象特徵，其筆下的清官或能為民沉冤昭雪、正直清廉，或善體人情，助有情人終成眷屬，他也成功地塑造一批「貪官」與「權豪勢要」之徒，大多貪贓枉法、昏庸無能，以迫害百姓的形象出現。此外，關漢卿在塑造官員形象時，善用對比與戲劇衝突的手法，諷刺昏官的貪婪昏庸的行徑，並凸顯清官的清明廉潔及秉公執法，或用科諢方式揭示出人物鮮明的性格，活絡舞臺氣氛。關漢卿通過對官員人物之形象塑造，除了寄託對被壓迫者的同情，鞭撻元代的黑暗吏治與社會矛盾，劇中清官能解「生民之倒懸」，乃是作家根據人們的理想創造出來，因此他所塑造的官員形象不僅投射出人民的思想感情，亦能夠貼近時代的脈動。

Kuan Han-Ching is one of the best playwrights in Yuan Dynasty. This study bases on the extant Yuan Drama of Kuan Han-Ching in order to analyze the officials’ images and types in his plays. The honest and upright officials that he created can vindicate the people and help the lovers to get married. However, Kuan also successfully create the “ greedy officials ” and “ the powerful and wealthy people” who take bribes and bend the laws; most of them are fatuous and oppress the people. Besides, Kuan used the skills of comparison and conflict to mock the fatuous officials’ greedy behaviors to emphasize that the honest and upright officials enforce the law impartially. Sometimes, Kuan showed the characters’ vivid personalities with funny style to make the ambiance lively. Kuan not only sympathized with the oppressed people, but also lashed out at official darkness and the clash of the society in Yuan Dynasty. Kuan created that the honest and upright officials save the people who are suffering because of people’s ideals in real life; that’s why the officials’ image he built can reflect the people’s thoughts, feelings and also meet the trend of the times.