John Dewey的經驗與思考觀運用在資深教師的思考之研究   全文下載

A Study on the Thinking from Experienced Teachers on John Dewey’s Experience and Thinking Perspective

本研究以John Dewey的經驗與思考觀為基礎，探究積累經驗與思考之關聯，用以分析資深教師在經驗累積下處理個案的思考選擇及其對師資職前培育的啟示。為達上述目的，本研究以放聲思考的方式，蒐集幼兒園、小學、中學資深教師在分析個案情境的思考與處理決定，共計42場次，233起個案，進而透過關鍵詞擷取系統運算分析結果，發現各教育階段資深教師都重視學生與家長的處理，但處理重點仍有所不同，且在關鍵詞與關聯性圖示結果相呼應下，資深教師在與環境事件交互作用的思考選擇決定包括：一、資深教師思考呈現網絡狀處理型態；二、重視學生反應且判斷其可能原由；三、善用教育原理再給學生機會瞭解學習本質；四、重視與家長溝通；五、依據事件類型尋求適切協助，縮短處理時間；六、確認時間點處理順序，掌握重大事件標準程序；七、掌握教師自我職責持續專業成長。而對師資職前培育階段之啟示，包括：一、培養師資生的思考能力，用以增進經驗的豐富度；二、透過案例的建置與練習，讓師資生對事件處理的判斷能趨於自動化；三、善用科技建置數位案例，提高師資生的經驗值；四、師資生真實體驗學校情境的系統規劃，漸廣漸深體驗學校脈絡的複雜性。

This study is based on John Dewey’s experience and thinking perspective. Through investigating the relationship between experience accumulation and thinking, this study aims to analyze the decisions made among experienced teachers’ thinking and the implications on pre-service teacher education. This study applied the think aloud technique to collect experiences and thinking of experienced teachers who are serving at kindergarten, elementary, and secondary schools. Data was collected from a total of 42 sessions and 233 cases. Keywords and keyword relevance were identified and analyzed with the keyword extraction system. The outcomes revealed that despite experienced teachers in different educational stages realize the importance of communicating with both students and parents, their focus of dealing with events are different. According to the results of this study, the selective decisions from experienced teachers’ thinking include the following: 1. To deal with events with a net-thinking model. 2. To emphasize on the reflections from students and determine its cause. 3. To give students a second chance to experience the nature of learning by educational principles. 4. To improve on communicating with parents. 5. To search for suitable assistance based on different events to shorten the required time for handling events. 6. To ensure both the order and procedure of handling events. 7. To continue professional growth and confirm teacher responsibility. The implications for pre-service teacher education program include the following: 1. To prepare teacher education students’ thinking ability for advancing their experience. 2. To promote the auto-judgment of teacher education students on handling events by establishing datasets for cases and exercise them. 3. To advance the experience of teacher education students through digital datasets for cases. 4. To design a step by step practice system for teacher education students to assist them experience the complicated real school context.