產業聚集與廠商生產力之關係：以台灣電子產業為例

Relationship between Industry Agglomeration and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Taiwan Electronics Industry

本文使用經濟部的「工廠校正暨營運調查」2005年至2009年工廠層級的廠商資料，探討資源投入與空間聚集程度對廠商生產力的影響。在考量產業結構和鄰近性的條件下，我們採用EG指數及NNI方法分析台灣電子產業聚集的情形。研究結果顯示：(1) 勞動投入聚集與研發投入聚集呈現增加的趨勢；(2) 研發投入聚集程度與生產力呈正向顯著的關係。而勞動投入聚集與生產力呈現負向顯著的關係；(3) 大致而言，位於聚集圈內的廠商已經有聚集不經濟的現象。(4) 不同面向的聚集程度對生產力的效果，受到廠商特性及區域差異的影響。

Based on the plant-level data of Taiwan’s 2005-2009 Commerce and Industry Correction Survey, which is collected by Taiwan’s industry of Economic Affairs, this paper reports the firm productivity is influenced by different dimensions and levels of agglomeration (labor input, R&D input and proximity). By taking industry structure and proximity into account, we calculate EG Index and NNI to analyze the agglomeration of Taiwan Electronics Industry. Results show that: (1) The Indices of labor and R&D agglomeration both increased, and degree of agglomeration varied by industries; (2) There was a significant positive relationship between R&D agglomeration and productivity, while the effect of labor agglomeration on productivity was negative; (3) In general, we also found the firms located in the cluster have suffered from the diseconomies of agglomeration; (4) The relationship between agglomeration and productivity was different for firm and Region characteristics.