中國憲法變遷——司法解釋與憲法司法化回顧為核心

The Constitutional Changes in China: A Review of Judicial Interpretation and 'Constitutional Law Applied in Courts'

憲政主義係以憲法實踐為核心，憲法實踐大量依賴政府機構對憲法內容詮釋及相應作為，如何促使憲法與社會變遷俱進。司法機構對憲法實踐主要反映在司法解釋制度與功能，乃一般通識。故論述中國司法解釋制度歷程及現況，雖不等同於證明中國充分實現憲政，但評論中國憲政發展，司法解釋為必要觀察因素。最高人民法院法釋〔2001〕25號解釋，因首次援引憲法「基本權利」於個案解釋中，引起憲法學界對憲法解釋及基本權力保障方式之正反辯論，正可為觀察中國司法解釋功能轉換及憲政實現程度之切入點。

The existence of constitutionalism is achieved by the realization of the constitution itself, which relies mainly on interpretations and applications made by the government. The written rules do not make the constitution work. However, the constitutional changes reveal the function of constitution as well as the existence of constitutionalism. In other words, the sufficiency of the constitution can be tracked in the constitutional transition with time. A discussion on the developments of judicial interpretation systems in China may not certify that China government practices its’ constitution sufficiently. However, an observation on judicial interpretation systems is definitely required in studying the constitutional developments in China.