論司馬遷筆下的衛青：以「互見」與「屬辭比事」為探究方法

Discuss the Narrative of Wei Qing in Shiji through the Method of “Hujian” and the Skill of Categorize Phrases and Events Arrangement

司馬遷繼承《春秋》筆法之「屬辭比事」，衍為《史記》「互見」之史法，乃是將一人之諸多事件，或一事件之諸多人物予以分散記述，用以避免重複、寄託褒貶或是掩飾忌諱。後人欲正確解讀司馬遷真正的訴求，須本於此。本文以衛青為研究對象，實因其一生事蹟與漢武帝征伐匈奴密不可分，亦成為司馬遷下蠶室之遠因。故書寫之際，多用微婉顯晦之曲筆，以免觸犯政治忌諱，傳達弦外之音。經以「屬辭比事」為鑰，透由排比互見，探究其寄寓之隱義，有二點值得重視：第一，以「人奴之生」，貫穿衛青一生；第二，衛青「懼滿求安」之舉，實出自對漢武帝的謹慎戒懼之心理。藉此予以窺見司馬遷筆削褒貶之微言大義，與其「不可以書見」的微辭隱義。

Sima Qian imitated the skill of categorize phrases and events arrangement of Chunqiu’s writing technique, and convert it to Shiji “Hujian” writing technique. This writing technique indicated the character with numerous incidents or incident with numerous characters into different part of Shiji to express appraisal, avoid repetition and taboo. For those who want to understand the appraisal of Sima Qian properly should learn about this writing technique too. This article mainly discussed the record of Wei Qing in Shiji. During the reign of Han Wu Di, Wei Qing played an important role in the war with Xiongnu as he also the remote cause of Si Ma Qian been castrated. Therefore, Sima Qian tactfully expressed the incident to convey appraisal and avoided taboo. Through the investigation of the writing technique of Shiji, there were two important issues required to further discuss, “the life of slave” and “the live with fear” which also reflected the deep meaning of Shiji’s writing technique.