論穆斯林兄弟會Sayyid Qutb之現代伊斯蘭改革運動理念

On Sayyid Qutb’s Ideology of Modern Islamic Reform

作為當代伊斯蘭原教旨主義（Salafism）運動重要思想家之一的Sayyid Qutb，其對伊斯蘭在人類生活各層面的實踐，做了全面性的探討與再詮釋。透過新的詮釋，也使許多伊斯蘭原初的理念與精神，再次地於現代改革運動中被突顯與強調，並且也促進了今日穆斯林對於伊斯蘭在生活實踐上的反省；尤其是Qutb對於神聖主權論（al-Hakimiyyah）的強調，以及對於矇昧（Jahiliyyah）、奮鬥（Jihad）等觀念的看法更是對當代原教旨主義的發展產生重要的影響；而前述相關理論更是被一些激進主義者與團體視為行動思想的向背。因此本文試圖從Qutb的著作中去探討其理論的建構，以及其重新詮釋後的伊斯蘭理論體系特點，期能客觀理解當代伊斯蘭原教旨主義思想發展的內涵，以客觀解讀當代伊斯蘭運動本質。

As one of the most significant theorists of contemporary Islamic Salafism, Sayyid Qutb presents a comprehensive re-interpretation in all aspects of human live. His re-interpretation highlights many primordial concepts and spirits of Islam, and also makes contemporary Muslims reflect the genuine practices in daily live. Qutb’s claims on al-Hakimiyyah, his neo-Jahiliyyah concept, and doctrine of Jihad have had great impact on the development of contemporary Islamic Salafism and relative movements. Qutb’s ideology on Islam has been adopted by some radical groups and individuals as the sources of their actions. This essay intends to shed light on the constructive process of Qutb’s theory framework and the distinctions of his re-interpreted Islamic ideology, in order to understand objectively the content of contemporary Salafism, and Islamic movements.