影響智利轉型正義因素之分析（上）

An Analysis of the Factors Affecting Transitional Justice in Chile

「轉型正義」大致上可區分為「告知真相」、「正義」及「和解」三種不同模式，不同轉型國家為何採取不同的轉型正義模式，有賴社會學的實證研究。本文嘗試探究智利轉型正義的過程，分析智利就皮諾切特政權時期所為的嚴重暴行，為何未採取應報式的刑事追訴模式，反而選擇設立「真相和解委員會」的轉型正義模式，並指出影響智利轉型正義的關鍵因素為「舊政權勢力的殘留」及「國際社會的壓力」，最後則期待實務及學界能就外國採取特定轉型正義模式的「脈絡因素」及其「運作成效」能有更多的討論，以作為未來臺灣轉型正義模式採擇的參考。

There are three kinds of transitional justice mechanisms among transitional societies, which include truth-telling, justice, and reconciliation. To discover why different countries adopted different transitional justice mechanism depends on empirical studies. This paper tries to find out how Chile dealt with past human rights violations during Pinochet period, and explains the main reason Chile chose to establish truth commission mechanism instead of retributive justice mechanism. Finally, I expect there will be more discussions on the contexts of different transitional societies, and evaluate the effectiveness and impact of these mechanisms in the near future.