海峽兩岸共同打擊跨境犯罪與執法合作

Cross-border Crime Fighting and Law Enforcement Cooperation between Taiwan and China

海峽兩岸相關機構於2009年簽署了「海峽兩岸共同打擊犯罪及司法互助協議」，與1990年兩岸先前所簽署的「金門協議」相較，該協議內容更加完善，諸如導入司法互助及兩岸特定的接洽管道及處理程序等項目。換言之，新協議讓兩岸執法相關部門建構了更正式的合作機制。在新協議中，合作項目包括了共同打擊犯罪、文書送達、調查取證、罪贓移交、裁判認可、人道探視、罪犯接返及其他雙方同意的合作事項。從新協議簽署之後，海峽兩岸執法部門已積極根據協議宗旨規劃與執行相關活動，多項統計數據顯示該協議有助於控制海岸兩岸的跨境犯罪。此外，該協議亦有助於促進臺灣與東南亞國家簽署類似協議，進而降低臺灣與東南亞國家之間的跨國犯罪。儘管如此，在兩岸合作過程中仍存在某些問題待解決。受主權爭議所影響，跨境執法合作工作在偵查、情資交換、犯罪預防及罪犯遺返等方面遭遇問題。為能有效解決諸項問題，兩岸主關機關應建構更多的互信、適當調整法律機制，好讓該協議更具可行性與功能性。本文內容即在探究該協議的內容、功能、挑戰及未來的展望。

Authorities in Taiwan Area and Mainland China Area sighed the Cross-Strait Joint Crime-Fighting and Judicial Mutual Assistance Agreementin 2009. Compared to the former relevant instrument, the Kinmen Agreement, sighed in 1990, it incorporated more specific contents like the scope of the mutual cooperation and specific contact process and channels. In other words, it has established a more formal cooperation mechanism between cross-strait law enforcement administrations. In the agreement, the cooperation items include joint crime-fighting, delivery of documents, investigation and collection of evidence, recognition and enforcement of civil judgments and arbitral awards, apprehension and return of persons and other items of cooperation agreed to by the Parties. Since the signing of the agreement, law enforcement administrations in both regions have made some achievements, and statistically it did help controlling cross-border crimes in cross-strait areas. Besides, it can indirectly foster the signing of similar agreements for Taiwan and Southeast Asian countries and contributes to the crime control in East Asia. In the process of cooperation, some difficulties need to be solved . Affected by sovereignty disputes, cross-strait law enforcement cooperation still targets problems in investigatons, technical exchanges, crime prevention and the repatriation of criminals.And authorities in both regions should buld more mutual trust and adjust the law system to make the agreement become more useful and practical. This paper explores the contents, achievements, challenges and prospects of the cooperation mechanism.