時勢造英雄：創業制度與創業活動之關聯性研究   全文下載

Institutions and Entrepreneurship: A Study of the Relationship between Entrepreneurial Institutions and Entrepreneurial Activity

創業活動向來被視為是帶動國家經濟成長的利器，然而，既有創業研究認為創業者的努力造就經濟績效，卻忽略了創業者置身的社會環境是孕育創業者與創業活動的溫床。本研究目的在於探討總體層次的創業制度如何對創業活動產生影響，為回答研究問題，我們採用64個國家的創業調查資料，分析創業制度的三個面向（法規面、規範面與文化－認知面）如何對該國的創業率及機會型創業率產生影響。研究結果顯示，當該國創業制度在規範面愈支持創業，愈有助於提升該國之總體創業活動；當該國民眾對創業事務的文化認知程度愈高，則愈有助於提升該國之機會型創業活動。本研究的貢獻即在於進一步釐清創業制度如何促成極具創新潛力的機會型創業活動，藉此瞭解各國創業活動之差異與原因，促成跨國創業研究與創業機會研究之對話。

Entrepreneurship studies attribute economic performance to the efforts of entrepreneurs; however, less concern the macro environment which nurturing entrepreneurs. The study examines that how the institutions of entrepreneurship shapes entrepreneurial activity. To answer the research questions, the study examines the influence of institutional dimensions (regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive) on total entrepreneurial activity and opportunity driven entrepreneurial activity by a sample of 64 countries. The main findings demonstrate that normative dimension is positively associated with the total entrepreneurial activity, and cultural-cognitive dimension is positively associated with opportunity driven entrepreneurial activity. Our study contributes to fill the research gap between comparative international entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial opportunity by clarifying the mechanism of the institutions of entrepreneurship for opportunity driven entrepreneurial activity.