日治時期前臺灣醫療發展之探討

Discussion on the Development of Medicine in Taiwan before Japanese Colonial Period

本文探討從17世紀荷蘭、西班牙占領時期以及明清統治時期的關於臺灣早期醫療發展事項的記載，以及中醫在臺灣早期發展之成果。在臺灣的歷史發展之中，17世紀初左右開始有大量的移民移入臺灣，荷蘭、西班牙人於17世紀中葉左右來到臺灣進行殖民的統治，藉由傳教從事其撫化政策，以醫療作為傳教的先導，並為當地人治療疾病。但這種以商業掠奪為目的的醫療事業，隨著荷蘭人及西班牙人撤出臺灣而消失。
在明清時期，閩、粵等沿海之人民出於謀生、商貿、文化教育等的需求，大批地移居臺灣，隨著移民的進入臺灣，中國大陸的醫療體系也同時也跟隨著傳播而來。在明末清代中葉左右，有不少的中醫、中藥人員前來臺灣，中醫藥在臺灣民眾醫療保健中逐漸發揮著重要的作用。因此臺灣早期醫療的發展即是以原始醫療及從中國大陸傳習至臺灣的中醫體系為主。而此時期來臺灣之中醫師，其技術水平並不高明，其學術未必能使社會注目，故文獻中見有記述者甚少，所以此時期的資料較為零散，前人對於此時期的臺灣中醫發展研究成果也並不多。
至清代晚期，如同中國的醫療發展一樣，臺灣現代醫學的開端來自於西方基督教的傳教士。在19世紀中葉，台灣開放通商口岸之後，西方傳教士再次來臺從事醫療傳教，並將西方現代醫學帶入臺灣。不過此時期西方醫學尚未超越傳統中醫的影響力，一般民眾主要仍以傳統醫療為主。一直到日本統治台灣的時期，將西方醫學教育實行於台灣，才逐漸提高西方醫學在台灣的影響力。

This study will discuss the development of early medical events from the Netherlands and the Spanish from 17th century to Ming and Qing Dynasties, as well as the early development of traditional Chinese medicine in Taiwan.
In the early 17th century, a lot of people being to move to Taiwan. The Netherlands and the Spanish colonial rule Taiwan in the mid-17th century. They send the medical missionary to Taiwan as a pacification policy, to treat disease. However, this kind of commercial plunder medical care, disappeared with the withdrawal of the Dutch and Spaniards in Taiwan.
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, People in Fujian, Guangdong and other coastal area moved to Taiwan in large numbers out to make a living, commerce, culture and education needs. As the immigrants went to Taiwan, the mainland China's medical system passed to Taiwan. From the late Ming Dynasty to the mid-Qing, a lot of Chinese medicine practitioners and pharmacists came to Taiwan, Chinese medicine play an important role in the health care system of the people in Taiwan. The development of Taiwan's early health care system is based on original medicine and the Chinese medicine system.
In the late Qing Dynasty, like the development of China's medical system, the beginning of modern medicine in Taiwan is also from Western Christian missionaries. After open trading ports in the mid-19th century, western missionaries again come to Taiwan for medical missionary, and bring the modern Western medicine to Taiwan. But at that time, Western medicine has not surpassed the influence of the traditional Chinese medicine, the general public still use traditional medical. Until Japanese rule Taiwan, the Western medical education being to implement in Taiwan, which increase the influence of Western medicine in Taiwan.