《王叔和脈訣》重探——以「五臟」歌為研究中心

Wang Shuhe Maijue (the Pulse-Diagnosis Verses of Wang Shuhe) - a Re-exploration of the Zang-Organ Related Verses

《王叔和脈訣》舊署六朝．高陽生所著，是一部以五臟為提綱，以歌訣體裁寫作的綜合性醫籍，本書雖以「脈訣」為名，但實際內容則包括了臟腑解剖、生理、病理、病候、脈診及脈診之外的診斷內涵，故該書不但是診斷學專著，同時也是一部摘要性的綜合入門書。本書在隋、唐兩代不見於著錄，北宋以後，此書始以其淺白易讀盛行於世，此後在明．李時珍《瀕湖脈訣》面世之前數百年，甚而有「《脈訣》出而《脈經》隱」之說。儘管如此，以其言詞鄙俗，南宋以降至今，該書在醫學文獻上的價值一直未受重視。本文選擇此書作為研究對象，主要著眼於隋、唐以前醫籍多已亡佚，《脈訣》擷取當時流行的文獻成書，其中應當保存了不少寶貴的醫學文獻。再則《脈訣》以五臟為題綱，在臟腑辨證體系、臟腑學說的發展史中，都有相當價值。因此，本文選擇以明．成化五年翠嚴精舍刻本《新刊通真子補注王叔和脈訣》「五臟」相關歌訣內容為對象，重新考訂成書年代、歌訣用韻體例、相對應文獻及臟腑內容，併在此基礎上，進一步論述相關臟腑理論發展的脈絡。

Wang Shuhe Maijue (The Pulse-Diagnosis Song of Wang Shuhe), was authored by Gao Yangsheng of Six dynasties. It is a medical book based on the outlines of five Zang-organs, incorporating genre of poetry and rhymed verses. In the name of Maijue, this book covers anatomy of Zanfu organs, physiology, pathology, syndromes, pulse diagnosis, and other clinical diagnoses. Not only a monograph, the book is also a comprehensive introductory textbook. Maijue remained nameless in the Sui and Tang dynasties; however, after the Northern Song dynasty, it achieved eminence and popularity due to its simplicity and apprehensibility. Even for several hundred years prior to the emergence of Binhu Maijue, authored by Li Shizhen of the Ming dynasty, there was a notion that Maijue was to replace Maijing. However, since Southern Song dynasty until now, little emphasis had been placed on Maijue for its contributions to medical literature. This article is tasked with analyzing the book Maijue, since most medical texts prior to the Sui and Tang dynasties were not recoverable. Maijue served as a compilation of then contemporary popular literature, which includes a significant portion of medically-related knowledge. It also made a valuable contribution toward the Zangfu theory. Based on the content of the Zang-organ related verses in翠嚴精舍刻本《新刊通真子補注王叔和脈訣》, which was published in Chenghua Year 5, Ming dynasty, this article will re-examine the chronological compilations of the literature, verse styles corresponding to Zangfu concept and discuss the development of Zangfu theory.