氣象資訊應用於森林調節服務之效益評估

Accessment of applying meteorological information to forest regulation services

氣候調節包含全球氣候調節、微氣候及區域氣候調節，而根據前人研究發現，氣候調節可以藉由蒸散、地表反照率、光合作用和遮蔭，產生降溫的效果。本研究目的為討論森林在夏季時的降溫效果並比較台中、草屯及中寮三個不同地點之降溫效果。研究結果顯示，森林覆蓋度高的地點之降溫效果，顯著高於森林覆蓋度較低的地點，故森林覆蓋度較高的地區的居住價值顯著較高。中寮測站的森林調節服務整體價值為每年1,753,348元，居住價值為每年15,067元，而草屯測站的森林調節服務整體價值為每年3,662,525元，居住價值為每年219,617元。而隨著電價的漲幅越大，森林調節降溫產生的價值越高。本研究分析森林覆蓋帶來的降溫調節效果，可提供給都市綠化規劃、林業、氣象局、景觀園區等相關人士在進行園區栽植降溫規劃時之參考。

Climate regulation includes global climate regulation, microclimate and regional climate regulation. Previous studies showed that these climate regulations have cooling effects through evapotranspiration, surface albedo, photosynthesis and shading. This study aims to discuss the cooling effect of the forest in summer and its residential value and overall value by comparing the cooling effect of three different study sites. The results showed that the cooling effect of site with high forest coverage is significantly higher than that with low forest coverage. Besides, the living value of areas with high forest coverage is substantially higher than that with low forest coverage. In the theoretical model, the overall value of forest regulation services at Zhongliao Station is NTD1,753,348, and the value of the residence is NTD15,067. In contrast, the overall value of forest regulation services at Caotun Station is NTD 3,662,525, and the value of the residence is NTD 219,617. As the energy cost increases, forest regulation and cooling become more valuable. This study analyzed the cooling adjustment effect and the value brought by forest cover provides a reference for urban greening planning, forestry, meteorological bureaus, landscape parks, and relevant persons in preparation of vegetation for park cooling.