趙孟頫、文徵明詞之江南書寫析論

An Analysis of Zhao Meng-Fu and Wen Zheng-Ming's Ci Poems in Jiangnan

本論文係針對趙孟頫、文徵明詞之江南書寫，進行比較析論：先論其個別特色，再比較其異同。就趙孟頫詞而言，江南書寫的特色，在於呈現故家／京城的對照、山水隱逸的空間、歷史文化的空間。就文徵明詞而論，其江南書寫的特色，在於呈現家屋的水木清暉、故鄉蘇州的勝境、隱逸鄉野的自在。至論趙、文詞中抒寫江南的異同，自詞情內容分析，趙詞仍保留「幽約怨悱不能自言之情」，文詞則多洋溢愉悅清瑩的內涵；而趙、文兩人雖以「漁父」為隱者的化身，然趙孟頫終究徘徊於仕、隱之間，文徵明則隱逸恆在其生活之中，以其未深涉官場之故。末就語言形式討論，趙、文兩人均喜用〈漁父詞〉書寫江南，然趙孟頫擅長以「靜的戲劇」抒情，採二元對立方式呈現；以情為主，以景為輔。文徵明則充滿率真喜樂，詞情統一；或以情懷，或以山水自然為之，善用近景、中景、遠景的層次書寫，注意光影的變化，近似工筆畫。斯可見趙、文書寫江南之詞作，無論內容、形式、均見異同，值得探究。

This paper is a comparative analysis of Zhao Meng-Fu and Wen Zheng-Ming's Ci poems in Jiangnan: first discuss their individual characteristics, and then compare their similarities and differences. In terms of Zhao Meng-Fu's words, the characteristics of Jiangnan's writing are to present the contrast of his hometown/capital, the space of secluded scenery, and the space of history and culture. As far as Wen Zheng-Ming's words are concerned, the characteristics of his Jiangnan writing are the presentation of the brilliance of flowing water and trees in his house, the beautiful scenery of his hometown Suzhou, and the freedom of hermit country. In terms of the similarities and differences of Jiangnan in Zhao and Wen's Ci poems, the content of emotions, Zhao's Ci still retains “the feelings of sorrow and resentment that cannot be self-expressed”, but Wen's Ci is full of joyful and clear connotations; while Zhao and Wen both Taking “Fishers” as the incarnation of the hermit, Zhao Meng-Fu finally wandered between official and hermit, while Wen Zheng-Ming 's hermit stayed in her life, because he didn't involve the officialdom deeply. At the end, in terms of language form, both Zhao and Wen like to write Jiangnan with “Fishman's Words”. However, Zhao Meng-Fu is good at expressing emotions in “quiet drama” and presenting them in a binary opposition; it is mainly based on emotion, supplemented by scenery. Wen Zheng-Ming 's Ci is full of frankness, joy, and unity of words and emotions; or using feelings, or natural landscapes, and writing at the level of near, middle, and distant scenes, paying attention to changes in light and shadow, similar to meticulous strokes. It can be seen that Zhao and Wen wrote Jiangnan's Ci poems, regardless of the content, form, and similarities and differences.