台灣農業生物科技廠商創新效率之分析

The Innovation Efficiency of Agricultural Biotechnology Firm in Taiwan

本研究旨在實證台灣農業生技廠商之創新效率與探討廠商規模對其影響。首先延伸探討生產效率的觀念為創新效率（innovation efficiency），以之作為分析科技型廠商競爭潛力之基礎，將創新的產出由廠商取得之專利與研發新產品衡量；而創新投入則是由研發經費投入與研發人力衡量，利用三階段資料包絡法（three-stage data envelopment analysis），以投入導向模式推估 2005 年農業生物科技產業調查之 52 家新設廠商的創新活動效率水準，藉此提供農生技產業訂定發展策略及政府調整政策之參考。實證分析結果發現，我國新設的農業生技廠商創新效率為 0.816，表示廠商蘊藏相當高的競爭力，而影響農業生技廠商無效率的來源為廠商創新活動之規模過小，需擴大創新投入以從事更高層次之創新活動進而提高創新效率之表現。整體而言，具有以下環境因素之農業生技廠商創新效率較佳：（1）廠商型態為非獨立運作；（2）設廠年數越少者；（3）擅於發展網絡合作；（4）廠商資本小，而其中又以「網絡合作」為影響層面最廣之因素。

This paper aims to study the innovation efficiency of agricultural biotechnology firms in Taiwan, and gauge the main factors of causing innovation efficiency. At first, we extend the concept of production efficiency to innovative efficiency for analyzing competition potentiality for scientific and technological manufacturers. The optimization model includes two innovation outputs (number of patents obtained and number of new products through research and development stage), and two innovation inputs (R&D expenses and human resources). Three-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis method was applied to estimate the innovation efficiency of Taiwan agricultural biotechnology industry. The survey data with 52 agricultural biotech start-ups in 2005 were used for empirical analysis. Empirical results found that the average innovation efficiency of agricultural biotechnology firms is 0.816. It means the firms possess high competitiveness. The technical inefficiency of sample firms was mainly resulted from innovative activity scale. In general, the agricultural biotechnology firms having following environmental factor exhibited better innovation efficiency: (1) firm is not independently operated; (2) the age of firm is young; (3) good collaboration networkswith universities and research institutions; (4) firm size is small. In addition, better“collaboration networks”is the main influence factor among them.