文化遺產保育的政治過程：新竹新瓦屋客家文化保存區個案研究

Political Process of Cultural Heritage Preservation: A Case Study of the New Tile House Hakka Cultural District in Hsinchu

保育文化遺產常會在社會與政治上掀起爭議。然而文化遺產研究卻 很少從社會運動研究的角度去探討在產生文化遺產的過程中所出現的政 治角力。本文以社會運動研究中的政治過程論作框架，解釋因受臺灣高 鐵計劃影響而原定要拆毀的新竹六家新瓦屋之成功保育個案。本文的研 究資料來自曾參與保育過程的人士和受高鐵計劃影響的六家居民訪問， 輔以文本資料。本研究發現，在九十年代的臺灣民主化進程中，出現了 各種有助促進文史工作者或受高鐵發展影響的居民與政府進行溝通的條 件，如社區營造計劃及環境影響評估。在有利客家文化保育的環境下， 文史工作者把他們感受到的政治機會成功轉化為實際的保育成果，讓新 瓦屋客家文化保存區得以成立。

This article adopts a political process approach from social movement studies to explain the successful conservation of the New Tile House in Liujia of Hsinchu which was originally planned to be demolished to make way for the Taiwan High Speed Rail. Based on interview and archival data, this article shows that the community-making movement and the implementation of environmental impact assessment have opened up political institutions for the concerned individuals in Liujia to negotiate with the government. Against this open environment in the 1990s, the culture and history workers seized their perceived opportunity and successfully demanded for the preservation of a Hakka cultural heritage.