國際運動賽事衝擊面面觀──在地永續的觀點

An analysis for assessing the impact of international sport events: From the perspective of local sustainable development

籌辦大型國際運動賽事可帶來諸多衝擊與影響，然不同賽事規模所衍生的衝擊不盡相同，因此 評估時就必需因地制宜，也就是客製化。為此，本文以永續經營之思維及符合國情之架構提出運動、 經濟、社會與環境等四個面向，同時也說明此四面向的內涵與評估方式，經彙整後提出下列要項。 首先，考量運動賽事的規模，規劃合宜的衝擊評估架構有其必要性。其次，運動發展的具體成效展 現在該項運動參與人口及運動競技成就等層面上，這些可透過與會者問卷調查、訪談賽事主辦單位 及次級資料分析等獲得。第三，經濟衝擊的評估關鍵在瞭解外地與會人員的消費金額，主要是運動 員或觀眾，這些可透過賽事籌辦單位所提供的籌備費用以及以問卷調查外來消費者支出獲得。第 四，社會衝擊的內涵較為多元，因所欲瞭解的衝擊重點不同，調查對象也會有所差異。第五，環境 衝擊除檢視碳足跡和生態足跡的量化評估資料外，也可透過籌辦過程的各種環保作為加以瞭解。最 後，本文亦對學術界及賽事實務界提出相關建議。

Sport event hosting is viewed as a vital tool to bring multi-dimensional impact upon humans, society, cities as well as nations. The idea of sustainable development and rationale for the locality are vital factors while developing an assessment framework for international sport events. Thus, this paper proposed four scopes of impact evaluation, including, sporting, economic, social and environmental impact. Through reviewing relevant literature, several vital conclusions were made below. First, as a result of scale/size of the sports events, it was imperative to develop an appropriate framework for the impact measurement. Secondly, sporting impact can be evaluated through two aspects, including sport participation and elite performance. Three major methods were adopted, they are: surveying the event participants, interviewing with event organizers and analyzing the secondary data. Thirdly, the economic impact was mainly measuring spending of out-of-visitors and event organizers. Measurement for this impact can be obtained through a visitor survey (i.e., spectators or athletes) as well as expenditure data by the event organizer. Fourth, the social impact was examined in a wide spectrum. The survey subjects will be varied due to the different impacts which researchers were interested in. Fifth, sport event environmental performance model was selected to monitor the environmental endeavor of the event organizers. The ecological and carbon footprint were used to measure the environmental impact. Several suggestions were made for the academics and event organizers.