以主路徑分析探討停車場系統技術演化

EXPLORING THE TECHNICAL EVOLUTION OF PARKING LOT SYSTEM WITH MAIN PATH ANALYSIS

全球的主要都市在特定時間、空間裡停車位都是一位難求。車輛漫無目的巡航、等待，造成排放的有毒廢氣，污染環境、浪費社會成本，影響全體市民生理與心理健康及生活品質。「導航系統」是導引車輛到停車場的關鍵，直接影響到全城交通流量，也是停車場營運最重要的關鍵技術。本研究將透過停車場導航系統中的專利技術，由專利引用所形成的技術網絡關係，運用主路徑的分析方法發掘出主要的技術發展脈絡，用以預測未來的發展方向。分析中有兩大主要發現，首先是探究過去停車場由導航系統主要的技術發展脈絡關鍵路徑上歷史呈現四大4個大群組。分別是「尋車定位」、「導航系統」、「RFID系統」、「導航動力」。由專利引用的再來是預測未來停車場的技術將落在「導航動力」走向。朝停車場技術會受符合環境保護無汙染的車輛電動化、更安全的無人化自動駕駛、更實惠的共享經濟化，等三大技術的影響。

Nowadays, it becomes more difficult to find parking spaces in major cities around the world in rush hours. When drivers try to find a parking lot, that causes an amount of toxic emission, polluting the environment, wasting social costs, and affecting citizens' physical and mental health. Therefore, it is essential to provide drivers with information to avoid traffic jams. Since the ''Navigation system'' has been the key to guide drivers to find parking lots, it directly affects the traffic flow of the whole city and also becomes the important critical technology in parking industries. The technical relationship network formed by patent citation explores patented technologies by the main path analysis in the navigation system for finding a parking lot. The result shows that technologies of parking industries can be categorized into four groups that are ''car-finding and positioning'', ''navigation system'', ''RFID system'', and ''management power''. The result also predicts the trend of technology for parking lot will be ''management power'' which will be affected by three factors of electric vehicles with environmental protection, safer automatic car, and carpool for sharing economy.