非法獵捕保育類野生動物判決之實證研究──以原住民文化抗辯為中心

An Empirical Study on the Verdicts of Illegal Hunting for Protected Wildlife: Focus on Indigenous Culture Defences

狩獵或漁獵為原住民傳統文化的一部分，國家為保育野生動物，維護物種多樣性，與自然生態平衡，在野生動物保育法中限制獵捕野生動物，並訂立非法獵捕保育類野生動物罪，國家規範與原住民狩獵文化產生衝突。同法第21條之1雖實質將原住民文化抗辯納入除罪化要件，然相關判決，仍爭議不斷。為瞭解案件特性及實務取向，釐清問題根源，本文先檢視法規範之演進，並以實證研究方法，全面性針對自2004年2月4日野生動物保育法新增第21條之1起至2018年3月31日止，各級法院非法獵捕保育類野生動物罪判決進行統計分析，就原住民族文化抗辯之實務見解，以時間軸角度，觀察其取向及變化，並分析最新發展趨勢，檢討現行法律規定，評釋法院法律適用疑義。

Animal hunting and fish hunting are both parts of traditional aboriginal culture in Taiwan. In order to protect wildlife animals, preserve the diversity of species, and maintain a natural ecological balance, the Taiwanese government restricts hunting for wildlife in its Wildlife Conservation Act, and stipulates illegal wildlife hunting as a legal offense. Although Article 21-1 of the same Act considers using aboriginal culture for pleading as a key element to decriminalise aborigines' hunting, disputes over the verdicts on their hunting for protected wildlife continue to take place. In this article, the author applies the approach of empirical study, and presents a comprehensive data analysis on the verdicts from all levels of courts on illegal hunting for wildlife by both aborigines and non-aborigines. The collection of data is from Feb 4, 2004, when Article 21-1 was added to the Wildlife Conservation Act, to March 31, 2018. The author observes the directions and changes of the practices of indigenous cultural defense throughout this period, and analyzes the latest trends. The author also reviews the current regulations to comment and explain the questions of applicability in court.