論新保守主義及其對美國東南亞外交與安全政策之影響

Neo-conservatism and Its Impact on American Foreign and Security Policy toward Southeast Asia

本文討論新保守主義（簡稱「新保」）究竟如何形塑與影響了美國的外交與安全政策，尤其是對東南亞地區。首先，本文分析新保守主義之定義與政策主張。新保守主義在當代是以外交政策的主張較為突出，其支持者試圖以具侵略性的主張來影響美國外交政策。其次，本文探討新保對美國外交、安全政策的影響。因為「九一一」事件，導致新保陣營趁勢鼓動美國政府支持以色列、反對為難以色列的伊斯蘭政權；因緣際會之下，便給予外界對於新保「占領」美國國家安全與外交決策圈的印象。小布希、錢尼等人與新保人士當時應是相互利用。本文亦評估新保影響下的美國對東南亞外交與安全政策。小布希政府雖希望推動對東南亞的相關政策，但並不能全面地說服東南亞主要國家（尤其是伊斯蘭社群眾多的印尼與馬來西亞）與之配合，主要因為新保敵視中共、俄羅斯，一廂情願的推廣美式民主，強烈支持以色列，主張消滅全球各地的軍事伊斯蘭教派以杜絕恐怖主義威脅，為美國東南亞外交及安全政策帶來了負面印象。

This essay discusses how neo-conservatism shaped and influenced America's foreign and security policy, especially toward Southeast Asia. First, this essay defines neo-conservatism, analyzes the policy options of neo-conservatives, and argues that in recent years neo-conservatism has turned out to be prominent in the realm of foreign policy, and its adherents have gradually tried to influence American foreign and security policy by more aggressive proposals. Second, this essay explores the impact of neo-conservatism on America's foreign and security policy. Owing to the 9/11 incident, neo-conservatives have induced the American government to endorse Israel and oppose the Islamic regimes that do not get along well with Israel. As a result, there comes an impression that neo-conservatives had ''occupied'' the decision-making circle of American foreign and security policy. The way George W. Bush and Dick Cheney interacted with key neo-conservatives should be something like mutual back-scratching. At last, this essay evaluates America's Southeast Asian foreign and security policy under the influence of neo-conservatism. Despite the Bush administration's hope to enhance the practices of such a policy, it still fails to persuade major Southeast Asian countries - particularly Indonesia and Malaysia with a number of Islamic communities - to fully collaborate, largely because of the negative notion of America's Southeast Asian foreign and security policy resulting from: neo-conservatives' antagonism toward the PRC and Russia, wishful thinking about the promotion of American democracy to the rest of the world, strong support for Israel, as well as insistence on the annihilation of global militant Islam for the removal of threats of terrorism.