全球化下的宗教衝突與基要主義

Religious Conflicts and Fundamentalism in Globalization

在世界全球化發展過程中，文明衝突與宗教衝突現象已成為國際政治研究與關注的新焦點。全球各地宗教衝突日益增多，轉變擴大成為國際衝突，嚴重影響世界和平與安全，其中宗教基要主義的興起，則是衝突擴大的重要因素。宗教基要主義一方面以社會改革者自居，反對西方現代化所帶來的社會腐化與政經侵略，另一方面則以恢復傳統文化為號召，企圖以教義與經典作為維持社會秩序與國家發展的依據；有些基要主義組織採取激進與暴力手段，以「聖戰」為名，結果演變成宗教極端主義與恐怖主義。本文主要探討三項議題，首先論述文明衝突的本質與爭議，其次分析宗教基要主義的基本主張，最後則針對當今世界主要宗教的基要主義組織與發展現況加以論述之。

Nowadays, globalization is advancing in the world, the clash of civilization and religious conflicts are new exploring focuses on international politics. Religious conflicts expand, which change international conflicts, seriously influenced on world peace and security. Religious fundamentalism is an important factor, it has brought about clash. On the one hand, as social reformer that opposed social degeneration and economic aggression because of western modernization impact, on the other hand, it revived traditional culture, tried to maintain social orders and national development according to the teachings and scriptures, but some fundamental organizations is radical and violent, which denotes on just war(jihad), has become extremism and terrorism. This study explores three issues. First, to discuss the nature and dispute on the clash of civilization, second, to analysis the fundamentals of fundamentalism, finally, to expound the development of fundamentalist organizations at the present time in the world.