企業社會責任與開放式創新模式之配適研究

Matching Corporate Social Responsibility Problems to Governance Forms of Open Innovation

Increasingly more companies have taken on corporate social responsibility （CSR） to help solve societal grant challenges, and open innovation （OI） has been regarded as a feasible solution to these challenges. Since OI comprises various forms, how to choose an appropriate form to address CSR issues and simultaneously maintain a controllable level of knowledge sharing is an important issue. This study examines the question of how firms match their CSR problems to OI governance choices. We collected data from 587 publicly listed electronics firms for the period between 2012 and 2017. Our results show a match between CSR types and OI forms for superior performance. Specifically, the match indicates the following two distinct paths to achieve positive performance: the markets form of OI exclusively bridges responsive CSR and performance, while the partnerships form of OI otherwise links strategic CSR to performance. This paper contributes to the literature by identifying the importance of OI governance forms in the CSR engagement-performance link. Theoretical and practical implications are also provided.

近來有愈來愈多的公司承擔起企業社會責任以協助解決社會面臨之巨大挑戰，包括氣候變遷、全球糧食危機等，而開放式創新經常被視為一個解決這種巨大挑戰的可行方案。由於開放式創新包含許多種模式，如何選擇適當的模式來處理相應的問題，以及在採取這些開放模式時，如何能同時讓企業對於所分享的知識，仍享有一定的控制程度，乃是一個重要的理論與實務問題。基此，本研究亟欲回答下述問題：「企業如何選擇開放式創新模式，以解決其所願意處理的企業社會責任問題」，研究蒐集2012年至2017年的台灣587家上市電子公司資料予以研究，結果顯示特定企業社會責任問題應選擇相應之開放式創新模式；具體而言，研究發現兩條路徑能使企業績效更佳：處理回應式企業社會責任問題時，應採用市場型的開放式創新模式；處理策略式企業社會責任問題時，則應採用夥伴型開放式創新。本研究對於企業社會責任與績效之間，不同開放式創新之模式所扮演的角色，提供有意義的觀察與解釋，同時也基於研究結果提出管理意涵與實務意涵。