探索跨領域專案團隊共享知識之個案研究

Shared Knowledge in a Cross-Disciplinary Project Team: A Case Study

共享知識是影響異質團隊績效的重要因素；但是，當前研究並未深究團隊共享知識本身，以及該知識如何為團隊所有成員所共享。為回應此一議題文獻的不足，本研究採取單一個案之質性研究，探討跨領域專案團隊發展共享知識的歷程。藉由訪談由藝術家、工程師和展演設計師組成之跨領域團隊成員在二十二個月專案期間的互動，本研究發現該團隊共享知識從提出新構想開始，而該構想是透過出現為「議題」到隱含為「前提」而成為共享知識的元素，且以「術語」形式呈現。再者，共享知識具備核心／中介／周邊結構，且在不同階段有不同的樣貌與分佈。此結構讓我們更清楚跨領域團隊培養共享知識的階段性特質及挑戰，也理解任務知識的演化有助於形成合作知識。最後，根據本研究發現提出管理團隊知識分享的實務工具，並建議後續研究方向。

This case study investigated the process through which a cross-disciplinary team developed their shared knowledge. Although team shared knowledge has been considered critical to a team's success, few studies have investigated the process through which knowledge is shared by team members. Therefore, in this study, members of a project team comprising engineers and artists were interviewed to understand how such experts from dissimilar domains developed shared knowledge during the 22-month project. Through qualitative data analysis, this study revealed two findings. First, an idea becomes part of shared knowledge through a process where it is first a theme of discussion and subsequently the premise of discussion; it is represented in team-specific jargon. Moreover, shared knowledge in teams has a layered structure comprising a core, intermediate layer, and periphery. Those layers are developed sequentially among members with different stability levels along with team tenure. This sequentially formed structure also sheds some light on how taskwork knowledge helps developing teamwork knowledge. At the end of this paper, theoretical and practical implications are discussed.