各國追趕模式與創新經濟比較：以電腦技術專利分析的觀點

Comparing the Catch-Up Models Used in Different Innovation Economies in Different Countries from a Perspective of Computer Technology Patent Analysis

近年來，我國面臨了創新研發動能不足、開發新科技與新概念成果有限等困境。如何提升國家整體的創新能力，突破技術發展的瓶頸，成為我國政府刻不容緩的問題。本文以專利分析的觀點，針對不同創新經濟體在技術追趕模式之相似性與相異性，包括各國專利技術領域分布的結構與變遷、專利品質與技術影響力、專利權人的分布與規模，以及專利維護情況等，據此提出相關政策建議。本文的核心問題即是了解各個創新經濟體之技術結構與發展途徑，選取了台灣、新加坡、南韓、中國大陸、瑞士與以色列為觀察樣本，並以在美獲准專利為資料來源進行觀測。研究結果發現南韓與我國無論在專利數量或技術影響力上皆相當接近，且在技術結構上亦相似度高；而以色列與我國則在專利權人的結構與專利集中度接近，皆屬於中小型企業比例較高且專利所有權較為分散的結構。了解各國的技術追趕模式是重要的，包括各國的重點技術領域與專利權人結構，而透過專利分析可以提供可靠的技術競爭情報。本文以專利分析觀察各國技術創新能力差異，以提供給政府與相關決策者參考之用。

Insufficient innovative impetus, the limited development of new technologies, and inadequate development of new concepts are problems that have troubled Taiwan in recent years. Therefore, increasing Taiwan's overall ability to innovate and overcoming its technological bottlenecks are issues that must be immediately addressed by the Taiwanese government. In this study, the similarities and differences between catch-up models employed by different innovation economies (in different countries) were investigated from the perspective of patent analysis. Topics covered included the distribution and structure of patent technology, the evolution of the patent field, patent quality and technological impact, patentee distribution and scale, and patent maintenance situations in individual countries. Related policy recommendations were subsequently made based on the results obtained. The core topic of this paper is to understand the technological structure and development path innovation-based economies. Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea, China, Switzerland, and Israel were selected as samples and their US patents were employed as the data source. The study results demonstrated that Taiwan has a similar numbers of patents, technological impact, and technological structure as South Korea and also has similar patentee structure (i.e., a high proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises) and patentee concentration (i.e., scattered patent distribution) as Israel. Understanding the technology catch-up models (containing information such as key technology fields and patentee structure) adopted by each country is particularly crucial, and patent analysis provides reliable technological-competition-related information. In this study, differences in the innovative ability of different countries were explored using patent analysis, and the results may serve as a reference for governments and relevant departments when making related decisions.