從先秦時期商紂事蹟的演變來看戰國楚簡中紂惡的記載

Discussion on the Evolution of Zhou 's Deeds in the Pre-Qin Period and the Record of Zhou 's Negative Image in Chu Bamboo Slips of the Warring States Period

關於商紂負面形象的記載，先秦文獻中留傳下來的很多，從《尚 書》到《呂氏春秋》中都有。不僅有而且有愈來愈詳細的記載。子貢 曾言「紂之不善，不如是之甚也」（《論語‧子張》），表示在當時紂的 形象，已被附會上許多惡行。這種風氣不斷地被渲染創造，到西漢的 《淮南子》及東晉皇甫謐的《帝王世紀》中，紂惡之形象集其大成。 因而今日若我們再來看這個主題，可以利用歷史記憶的研究方法，將 文獻中紂惡事記載，根據所出現文本，分成不同時代的記事，便可看 出哪一件紂惡事，是哪一個時期出現的，如此便能很好地釐清紂負面 形象事蹟被記載的層次。這個工作早期顧頡剛曾作過，但他的材料有 些問題，今日由於我們又多見到了出土文獻中的記載，所以可以重新 再來討論這個問題。

Regarding the negative image of Zhou , there are many records in the pre-Qin books, including from ''Shangshu'' to '' Lushichunqiu''. Not only but also more and more detailed records. Zigong once said that '' Zhou is not so much evil'' , indicating that at that time the image of him was attached to many evil deeds. In later generations, more and more negative images were added to him.Today we look at this topic again. We can use the method of historical memory to record the evil things in the books. According to the text that appears, we can divide the notes into different eras, and we can see which evil thing and which period. Appeared, so it is possible to clarify the level of recorded evil deeds. GuJiegang had done this work in the early days, but there were some problems with his materials. Today we have seen more records in the unearthed books, so we can look at this problem again.