「材質為體，名教為用」──魏晉對士族女性性別思維的建構

Inborn nature as the fundamental structure while feudal code of ethics as the practice:constructing the concept of gender thinking among aristocratic females in Wei and Jin Dynasties

中國傳統以氣化成體之思構建兩性基本的生理身體區別，並以陽尊陰卑之思構建出兩性於群體社會的尊卑秩序，以作為社會建制之基礎。以「女正位乎內，男正位乎外」的「男女正」標明兩性活動領域之殊異，並以禮教規範女性的越位與干政行為。魏晉時期以「材性為體，名教為用」建構出對身體的觀點。並以對陰陽觀念的重新闡釋，重新看待性別的差異。如此思維，使魏晉時人能以更寛容與欣賞的態度看待女性的天賦才華之顯，使當時受良好家學教養與具優渥經濟條件的士族女性，有著相對的精神開放與才華自主之可能，得以「顯才揚性」。

In Chinese tradition, the biological and physical difference between males' and females' bodies was constructed by a concept which indicated that qui formed human bodies. From cultural perspective, the hierarchical structure and order of the society was developed by androcentrism. The concept that women were housemakers while men were breadwinners explained the assignment of responsibility between genders. Women were regulated by feudal code of ethics to make sure that they would not trespass their ascribed gender role.The metaphysicians in Wei and Jin Dynasties reexamined the gender difference with a new interpretation of the concept of Yin and Yan, which allowed the people of that era to look at the demonstration of inborn female talent with a more tolerant and admiring attitude. Women from aristocratic families, with excellent family upbringing and economic conditions, enjoyed a higher possibility of free spirit and autonomous demonstration of talent.