影像中的台語形象再現與語言使用分析：以2015年電影預告片為例

Visual Representation of Taiwanese and an Analysis of Language Use: A Case Study of Movie Trailers in 2015

本研究採用影像文本分析法，以2015年的12支台灣電影預告片為文本，並以符號學系譜軸與毗鄰軸的理論為工具，欲探究在電影影像再現中，台語被建構出了如何的形象？影像中台語使用的社會情境再現了主流社會什麼樣的語言態度和語言位階關係？台語使用者在影像中是否存在被「他者化」的現象？研究結果為當代大眾媒介對於台語刻板印象的建立與強化，提出具體的證據。研究顯示文本中的台語有語碼轉換為台灣華語的現象，可能反映台語語言活力不足的現狀。台語使用的群體偏年長，有八成為中老年人；台語使用者中，有超過七成是男性；台語的使用時常較為俚俗，常被使用在較不正式的語境，這些現象皆反映了人們的語言態度。另外，台語使用者以及說著「台灣國語」的人，常成為被刻板化的他者，被框限在如低社經地位、喜感、無知、暴力這類形象中。在喜劇片及其他類型片有意製造喜劇效果的橋段中，台語或台灣國語總是「欠缺良好教養或氣質」或傳統又過時的喜劇人物符碼，語言位階偏低；在有正邪對立的驚險片中，台語是黑道角頭及負面、邪惡角色的主要語言符碼－台語被賦予了這類特定符號，也被作為這些特定形象人物的符碼，並且透過大眾媒介的傳播，持續複製與強化台語的負面刻板印象。

How is the language Taiwanese represented and constructed in cinemas? How are its language status and language attitude in social context represented? Are speakers of Taiwanese represented as ''the Other''? This study aims at answering the above three questions by selecting 12 movie trailers and conducting textual analysis with the semiotic approach. Results reveal that code-switching of Taiwanese speakers from Taiwanese to Mandarin reflects the status of Taiwanese having low language vitality. Among all Taiwanese speakers, over 80% are middle-aged and elderly people, and over 70% are male. Taiwanese is often used in vulgar or informal context, which may reflect people's language attitude towards it in Taiwan's culture. In addition, people speaking Taiwanese or Mandarin with Taiwanese accent are often portrayed as ''the Other'' and stereotyped as low-class, funny, ignorant or violent. This study also finds that characters who speak Taiwanese in comedies are often either old-fashioned or less elegant. In thrillers that highlight the opposition between the good and the evil, Taiwanese is the main language code used by gangsters and villains. Given a certain code as a symbol of certain characters, Taiwanese continues to be stereotyped negatively under the influence of mass media.