民粹主義在台灣──韓國瑜及其支持者

Populism in Taiwan: Han Kuo-yu and His Supporters

民粹主義的流行已經成為世界上民主國家的一大難題，在美洲、 歐洲、亞洲都可以找到代表性人物。台灣在這一波民粹浪潮中，也出 現了指標性人物，那就是 2018 年崛起的韓國瑜。在指認韓國瑜為民 粹人物之前，本文對民粹主義的定義做了檢討，並建立一套民粹特徵 的指標。從目前對民粹主義的討論中，本文整理出五個民粹主義的特 徵：1. 反精英的道德論述及陰謀論；2. 歧視及反多元的主張；3. 威權 及反制度傾向；4. 不信任大眾媒體；5. 反專家言論等五點做評估。此 外，鑑於網路在政治傳播中的重要性，本文也定義了「網路科技民粹 主義」的三點特徵，分別是：1. 候選人的決策核心包含大數據專家； 2. 串連極端分子，散播仇恨言論及假新聞；3. 政治領袖是非傳統、非 典型英。根據本文的分析，韓國瑜的民粹特徵是在總統選舉時期才 開始明顯，但他並不屬於「網路科技民粹主義」，也不是非常有領導 能力的民粹人。倒是他的死忠支持者，也就是所謂的韓粉，表現出 更強烈的民粹態度。因此，韓國瑜的落選尚不能標誌台灣民粹主義的 衰退，未來仍有可能再出現民粹浪潮。

The trend of populism has become an issue in the democratic countries around the world. Taiwan also joins this trend, the figure politician named Han Kuo-yu rose in year 2018. Before identifying Han to be a populist, this article would first review the definitions of populism and then establish a set of indicators for prescribing populism. In fact, the characteristic of populism can be assessed by the following indicators: 1. Anti-elitist discourse and conspiracy theory; 2. Assertions of discrimination and anti-pluralism; 3. Authoritarian and anti-institutionalism predispositions; 4. Distrust of the mass media; 5. Attitude of anti-expertise. Moreover, given that the internet is important in the political communication, this article also defined the ''internet-technological populism'' with 3 features, which are: the big data experts playing the core decision makers in the election campaign; cooperation with extremist web writers; unconventional, atypical political leaders. Our analysis concluded that, the populist features of Han starts to become obvious during the presidential campaign, but his mode doesn't belong to the internet-technological populism, and he himself is not even a competent leader. However, his hard-core supporters, aka Han-fans, take on stark and more active populist attitude. Therefore, Han's failure doesn't mean the recession of the populism in Taiwan, the populist wave may still strike again in the future.