代間依附關係與其對老年生活適應的效果：以成年子女孝道信念與關係自主性作為前置因素

Intergenerational Attachment Relationship and Its Effect on Elderly Life Adaptation: Adult Children's Filial Belief and Relating Autonomy as Antecedents

代間關係品質被認為是影響長者老年生活適應的關鍵要素，近來已有研究指出成年子女是老年長者尋求安全支持並緩減擔憂煩惱的重要依附對象，但是目前不僅較少有研究探討影響代間依附關係的前置因素，同時也缺乏以成年子女－老年父母的代間對偶資料進行驗證的實徵研究。依據華人家庭對親子孝道倫理的重視，本研究探討成年子女對孝道信念的認同程度與其維繫親子關係連結的關係自主性對老年長者知覺子女可安全依附程度的影響，及其進而提升長者老年生活適應的作用效果。經由100位成年子女（平均年齡37.88歲|60％為女性）與其158位老年父母（平均年齡66.99歲|52％為女性）的代間對偶資料進行階層線性模式分析，結果指出：（1）成年子女的相互性孝道信念、權威性孝道信念及關係自主性皆具有提升老年長者知覺子女可安全依附程度的效果|（2）老年長者知覺子女可安全依附程度與其在老年生活中經驗到較少的憂鬱頻率、較高的生命意義感與自由需求滿足感有關|及（3）成年子女的孝道信念與關係自主性會透過長者知覺子女可安全依附程度的中介效果，進而降低長者經驗憂鬱感受的頻率，並提升其生命意義感與自由需求獲滿足的感受。本文綜合討論這些發現的理論意涵，提出研究限制與未來可延伸探討的方向。

The quality of intergenerational relationship has been identified as a critical factor for elderly life adaptation. Recently research has shown adult child is an important attachment figure for elderly seeking security supports and reducing worry in old age. However, to date, little is known about the antecedent factors of intergenerational attachment bonding and few studies have been conducted by using intergenerational dyadic data to test hypotheses. In accordance with the value of filial piety in Chinese family, this study investigated that adult children's endorsement of filial belief and relating autonomy capacity, which maintain parent-child connection and practice filial piety, contributes to perceive the extent to which children can be securely attached and its further effect on elderly life adaptation. Analyzing intergenerational dyadic data constituted by 100 adult children (mean age was 37.88 years| 60% female) and 158 elderly parents (mean age was 66.99 years| 52% female) with hierarchical liner modeling, the main results showed that (1) adult children's endorsement of reciprocal and authoritarian filial piety belief, as well as their relating autonomy, facilitated elderly parents perceiving the extent to which children can be securely attached| (2) elderly parents perceiving higher extent to which children can be securely attached was associated with lower frequency of depression but higher meaning of life and satisfaction of personal freedom| and (3) adult children's reciprocal filial belief, authoritarian filial belief, and relating autonomy, decreased their elderly parents' frequency of depression but increased meaning of life and satisfaction of personal freedom, through the mediating effect of elderly parents perceiving the extent to which children can be securely attached. The theoretical implications of these findings, as well as limitations and future directions, were discussed comprehensively at the end.