從醫書到杜甫、盧綸、李商隱：消渴病的一重與二重模塑系統

The Primary and Secondary Modeling Systems of Dispersion from Medical Books to Do Fu（杜甫）, Lu Lun（盧綸） and Li Shang Yin（李商隱）

消渴是一個古老的疾病，除了醫學與字書上消竭、消瘦、口渴的意義外，唐代詩人亦屢用「消渴」，抒發個人志向或情感。而在醫學與字書的意義之上，《史記》中所載司馬相如患消渴病之事蹟，在不遇經驗的承襲與借用上，影響了《全唐詩》消渴意義的創用，導致消渴病歧出醫學意義外，成為一映帶著才華、志向與不遇情懷的文人病。為了要了解文學文本的消渴意義，本文欲探尋消渴文學語言所賴以生存的系統，藉符號學家洛德曼二重模塑系統的概念，將複雜的消渴病意義區分為「文學」／「非文學」，從先秦到唐代醫書、字書的意義建構，與以司馬相如為核心的模塑過程，以至《全唐詩》中杜甫、盧綸、李商隱三位詩人之消渴疾病書寫，考察消渴病意義系統中自然語言、文學語言之兩度模塑系統意義繼承、偏離而豐富的過程。

As an ancient disease, Dispersion-Thirst has not only the meanings of exhaustion, emaciation and thirst in Medical and Text books, but also often be used to express personal ambition or emotional by Tang Poet. Above the meaning of medicine and literature, the record of Si Ma Xiang Ru’s Dispersion-Thirst Illness in Shi Ji has the influence on the creation of the meaning of Dispersion-Thirst Illness in Tang Poems without experience adopting. It had made the Dispersion-Thirst Illness is out of the medical significance but become a literatus illness with talent and ambition but underappreciated. To comprehend the Dispersion-Thirst meanings in the literature text, the author searches for the system of Dispersion-Thirst literature language, by the concept of secondary modeling system from Jurij Lotman’s theory, and distinguishes between literature and non-literature from the massive meanings of Dispersion-Thirst. By taking Si Ma Xiang Ru’s literary works as the core and the writing of illness in Tang Poems, we explore the inherited, diverged and rich molding process of the Secondary modeling system of the natural and literary languages from the modeling core of Si Ma Xiang Ru and the medical and text books in Pre-Chin to Tang Dynasty.