台灣地區居住滿意度影響因素之實證分析

Determinants of Residential Satisfaction: An Empirical Study in Taiwan

台灣住宅市場同時存在高房價、高住宅自有率、以及高空屋率的矛盾現象，民眾在負擔 高房價去擁屋下，居住滿意度的狀況與影響因素非常值得公私部門深入探討。本研究將居住 滿意度區分為住宅滿意度與鄰里環境滿意度，並以「2015 年住宅狀況抽樣調查」的 14,275 筆 資料進行分析，實證顯示鄰里環境特徵對於居住滿意度的影響會大於住宅本身特徵，其中環 境美化與管理維護滿意度、視野景觀滿意度是最重要的鄰里環境特徵。其次，建物是否為住 宅專用、住宅類型、以及屋齡對居住滿意度有重要影響。第三、每人使用面積、房數、廳數、 衛浴數、有冷氣空調、以及節能設施的種類數愈多會提高住宅滿意度。第四、住宅為自有、 主要家計負責人的年齡愈大、平均每月經常性總收入愈高、以及近五年內有搬遷會提高住宅 滿意度，但家庭屬性對於鄰里環境滿意度均無顯著影響。最後，無論是住宅或是鄰里環境滿 意度，六都均較非六都為低，且鄰里環境滿意度較住宅滿意度更低，未來政府要提升民眾的 居住滿意度應充分考量上述影響因素與地區差異。

The coexistence of high housing prices, a high homeownership rate, and a high vacancy rate in Taiwan's residential market, it could be described as irrational. Under the burden of high housing prices, it is worthwhile for the public and private sectors to explore the residents' satisfaction and influencing factors. Residential satisfaction can be classified as satisfaction with housing and satisfaction with neighborhood. This study employs 14,275 samples in ''2015 Housing Conditions Sample Survey'' to examine the determinants of housing satisfaction and neighborhood satisfaction, respectively. The empirical results reveal several interesting findings. Firstly, neighborhood characteristics had a larger influence compared to housing characteristics. Landscape of neighborhood and environmental decoration and management are the most two important variables affecting the residential satisfaction. Secondly, housing characteristics, such as usage for housing only, housing types, and age of structure significantly affect residential satisfaction. Thirdly, increases in living area per person, the number of rooms, the number of halls, the number of toilets, air conditioner, and the number of energy-efficient facility will increase housing satisfaction. Fourthly, housing ownership, age of the main family financial supporter, average regular monthly income of household, and recent relocation significantly affect housing satisfaction. However, the influences of family characteristics on neighborhood satisfaction are limited. Finally, housing satisfaction and neighborhood satisfaction are both lower in six municipalities comparing with the other non-municipalities, and the degree of neighborhood satisfaction is lower than housing satisfaction. To improve residential satisfaction, the government should consider the above influencing factors and regional differences in the future.