中國近代知識份子救亡論述中的佛教角色

The Buddhist Role in the Theory of the Salvation of the Nation by Modern Chinese Intellectuals

清末民初之際，中國知識份子多次撰文引用佛教發源地──印度亡國滅種的慘痛案例以警示中國人，究竟佛教在中國知識份子心中的印象為何，且為何多以印度為例。本文嘗試從宗教救國及佛教復興的角度，探討知識份子因為亡國的時間壓力而選擇與佛教合作，轉化新學與進行國家改革。同時，為避免佛教受到印度亡國的影響，而面臨傳教困境，知識份子開始重新定義中國佛教的獨立地位，乃至於將佛教視為國族主義的象徵，達到改造國民與建立民族意識的重要工具。第三，在佛教復興與國族認同的前提下，重新理解中國知識份子的印度觀，瞭解為何多次引用印度的動機與緣由。

Dated in the Late Qing and Early Republic Years, Chinese Intellectuals often had to mention that Indian had vanished their country into nothing to caution the Chinese. From the perspective of religious salvation and Buddhism revival, I intend to analyse why the Chinese intellectuals wanted to save China through western knowledge and establishing national identity in cooperating with Buddhism under a lot of pressure of time. At the same time, in order to prevent the predicament of preaching Buddhism from being affected by the tragic case of India, intellectuals began to build the independent status of Chinese Buddhism up, and regarded Buddhism as a symbol of nationalism and an important tool for transforming the nation and setting national consciousness up. For this reason, we will know what kind of the impression of India stayed in Chinese intellectuals' mind.