不同國家高齡者功能性體適能檢測方式比較

Comparison of the senior functional fitness test in different countries

因應全球高齡化趨勢，美國學者Rikli與Jones發展設計高齡者功能性體適能檢測，以評估老年人日常生活功能的基本身體活動能力。此檢測已廣泛被各國採用，並建立各國體適能常模。本文主要目的為比較各國的功能性體適能檢測方式與常模，探討其中的差異。結果顯示各國的檢測於研究參與者、檢測方法與檢測項目上有所不同。比較發現，各地區的研究參與者以女性占多數。檢測方法中，是否進行暖身以及所選用的身體狀況評估問卷皆有所不同。檢測項目方面，亞洲國家加入握力與開眼單足立的測驗項目。常模成績方面，隨著年齡的增加，成績呈現下降，而男性普遍在肌力、有氧與平衡能力上優於女性，女性則有較好的柔軟度。統整來說，各國在檢測方法上有許多差異，透過比較各國功能性體適能檢測方法，參考及評估其優劣勢並提出相關建議，供未來建立出更完善與全面的功能性體適能常模。

Because of the increasing aging population globally, the Senior Functional Fitness Test, developed by Rikli and Jones to assess physiological capacity for daily activities, is being extensively used in several countries. However, studies from different countries have used diverse normative scores for this Functional Fitness Test. This study compared functional fitness testing methods and norms among different countries and explored differences. Results indicated considerable variety in terms of participant characteristics, test administration, and test items. Many studies have reported that the majority of their participants were women. Some tests included warm-up sections, and other studies have incorporated different assessment questionnaires. Furthermore, several tests in Asia added the single-leg stance with eyes open and handgrip tests. In terms of norms, as age increased, test performance also declined. Female participants had higher scores in flexibility tests, whereas male participants performed better in endurance, strength, and balance tests. Overall, many differences were noted in test environments and participants from different countries. By comparing functional fitness testing methods among various countries, referring to and assessing their strengths and weaknesses, insights gained from this study may be of assistance to develop more comprehensive and comparable senior functional fitness tests for international collaboration.