《策林》中的禮、刑思想

On the Views on Ritual and Punishment in Ce Lin

研究《策林》的學者多關注其政治思想，《策林》亦為探討白居易早期思想的重要材料。然迄今為止，《策林》中的禮、刑思想仍極待深掘。本文全面分析《策林》中論禮與論刑的「策問文」與「對策文」，並以第五十四門策所示「刑、禮、道迭相為用」的政治原則提綱挈領，發現「時變之宜」引導了禮與刑的使用，且禮與刑的實際應用比抽象意涵更為重要。論禮的策文顯示，白居易高度重視禮的公共性與現實性，不存在復古觀念是最明顯的標誌，而其禮論大抵上承《荀子》。至於論刑的策文，揭示「理大罪、赦小過」、「不得數赦」等刑罰使用原則，旨在督促君主達到「止獄措刑」的目標。總體而言，白居易論禮與論刑，顯示他期待透過遵守規範，追求儒家理想政治秩序的完成：禮與刑罰相輔相成，前者為積極促成此秩序的規範，後者則為其最後防線。

Regarding the research on Ce Lin, the existing scholarship mainly focuses on the political thoughts shown therein or regards it as an important material for studying Bai Juyi's early thoughts. However, since existing literature paid little attention to the views on ritual and punishment in Ce Lin, this paper aims to thoroughly examine the dissertations on ritual and punishment in Ce Lin. Meanwhile, the political principle puts forward in the 54th dissertation, that is, the application of ritual, punishment, and Dao must be based on different situations, has served as the theoretical framework of this paper. The results show that the appropriate applications of ritual and punishment played a crucial role in governing, and are considered more significant than their philosophical implications. The dissertations on ritual revealed that Bai emphasizes the publicity and actuality of ritual, and his views on ritual are deeply influenced by Xun Zi. On the other hand, the dissertations on punishment aim to urge the monarchs to achieve the goal of ultimately abolishing imprisonment and punishment. In general, Bai's dissertations on ritual and punishment in Ce Lin reveal his will to achieve the ideal political order proposed by Confucianism through the complementarity of ritual and punishment.