黑醋栗的抗氧化特性及其對帕金森氏症、阿茲海默症的效用

The Antioxidant Activity of Blackcurrant and Its Effects on Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Diseases

黑醋栗（Ribes nigrum L.,Grossulariceae）為一種小型、多年生的灌木，原產於中歐和亞洲北部，現今種植於世界各地，包括美國。黑醋栗除了作為傳統草藥外，現今許多研究也證明其成分潛在的抗發炎、抗氧化及抗菌效果。黑醋栗含有各種生物活性成分，包括花青素（anthocyanidin），尤其是矢車菊素3-O-葡萄糖苷（cyanidin 3-O-glucoside）、矢車菊素3-O-芸香苷（cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside）、飛燕草素3-O-葡萄糖苷（delphinidin 3-O-glucoside）、飛燕草素3-O-芸香苷（delphinidin 3-O-rutinoside），黃酮醇（flavonol），例如：楊梅素（myricetin）、槲皮素（quercetin）、山奈酚（kaempferol）及其他各種酚酸，而這些生物活性成分均具有抗氧化能力。研究指出，過量活性氧物質所產生的氧化壓力與老化及神經退化性疾病，例如：阿茲海默症（Alzheimer's disease）及帕金森氏症（Parkinson's disease）的認知、學習和記憶能力退化有關，故攝取富含抗氧化物的飲食，例如：黑醋栗，或許可延緩老化及神經退化性疾病的發生。本文將針對黑醋栗中的活性成分、抗氧化特性及黑醋栗對於阿茲海默症及帕金森氏症的效用作文獻回顧。

The blackcurrant（Ribes nigrum L., Grossulariceae）, a small, perennial shrub native to central Europe and northern Asia, is cultivated throughout the world, including the US. In addition to its use in traditional herbal medicine, the present research demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects of blackcurrant constituents. The blackcurrant contains a variety of bioactive constituents, including anthocyanidins（delphinidin-3- -glucoside, delphinidin-3- -rutinoside, cyanidin-3- -glucoside, and cyanidin-3- -rutinoside）, flavonols（myricetin, quercetin, and kaempferol）, and phenolic acids. All of these bioactive compounds possess antioxidant activities. Current research has linked oxidative stress induced by excessive reactive oxygen species to the degeneration of cognitive, learning, and memory capabilities in normal aging and with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's（PD）and Alzheimer's disease（AD）. Therefore, consumption of dietary antioxidants, such as those contained in blackcurrant, may delay the onset of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we reviewed the literature on the active compounds, the antioxidant activity of blackcurrants, and its effects on PD and AD.