未聽到的中國聲音：文革時期福音廣播聽眾來信所見的「第二社會」

Unheard Voices from China: The ''Second Society'' as seen from the Audience Letters of Christian Radio Evangelism during the Cultural Revolution

在中國當代歷史，文化大革命普遍被視為「浩劫」、「災難」、「動亂」。中共全面執行消滅宗教的政策，所有宗教體制悉遭政治運動摧毀，宗教只能以非制度化方式在地下發展。關於文革期間基督教情況的研究，幾乎長期空白。香港的遠東福音廣播公司保存了從1966年至1978年的252封中國各地聽眾的來信，本文嘗試以這一批極具研究價值的民間史料為文本，並援用「第二社會」的概念，來重探文革期間中國基督教的面貌。在冷戰局勢氛圍下，宗教電臺對共產中國進行廣播，背後有其意識形態，而中共官方及民間對「敵臺」的回應也有所不同。藉由分析這批信函，可發現中國草根民眾是甘冒風險收聽境外福音廣播、寫信到香港電臺述說其故事，當中不僅呈現了當時尋道者及基督徒的心聲，也有助於我們重構文革期間中國「第二社會」中基督教發展的獨特圖像。

The Cultural Revolution is usually regarded as ''catastrophe,'' ''disaster,'' and ''chaos'' in contemporary Chinese history. Throughout the revolutionary period, the Chinese Communist Party fully implemented the policy of eliminating religion. All religious institutions were completely destroyed. Religions could only survive in non-institutional, underground forms. To break through the Bamboo Curtain, religious message were conveyed via shortwave radio from Hong Kong to Communist China. By investigating the valuable and rare historical materials of audience letters received from China, this article revisits the development of Chinese Christianity during the tumultuous years of the Cultural Revolution. The existing 252 audience letters written between 1966 and 1978 reveal much about grassroots Chinese spiritual inquirers and Christians. This study begins with the background of the Cold War and explores the ideology reflected in the religious broadcasts to Communist China. The official and popular responses to the ''enemy station'' will also be addressed. As well, based on these audience letters, this article also helps to construct a collective account of those unseen grassroots Chinese and rediscovers the ''unheard voices'' from the ''Second Society'' in the Cultural Revolution.