校長的正向心理資本：國民中小學校長感恩量表建構與發展初探

A Study on the Construction and Development of Gratitude of Primary and Secondary School Principals

感恩（gratitude）被譽為美德之母，近年來感恩已受到眾多研究者的關注與探討。而在社會環境變遷下，國民中小學校長面對的挑戰愈來愈多，若能培養更多感恩之正向心理資本，則可擁有更多的正能量來面對辦學考驗，並營造校園氣氛的良善循環，在善的螺旋循環下使校務不斷成長與進步。基於此，本研究的目的是以國民中小學校長為研究對象，建構國民中小學校長感恩之構面，並探討分析不同背景變項之國民中小學校長感恩的差異情形。質言之，本研究以高雄市及屏東縣所有公立國民中學及國民小學校長為研究調查對象，以回收之有效問卷373份之國中小學校長問卷進行統計分析，本研究獲致之主要結論如下：（一）本研究所建構發展出來之國民中小學校長感恩量表具有理想的效度與信度，且能萃取出感謝他人、感謝恩典、感謝逆境及珍惜當下等四個校長感恩之主要構面。（二）整體說來，國民中小學校長具有頗高的感恩態度，由此顯示國民中小學校長是一群很懂得感恩及感謝別人的族群。（三）本研究統計分析顯示不同背景變項在校長感恩得分情形，大體上各背景變項在校長感恩得分上均沒有顯著差異。最後，根據前述的結論發現提出建議以供教育領導者、教育人員與教育行政機關之參考。

Gratitude is known as the mother of virtue. In recent years, gratitude has been the focus of many researchers. Under the changing social environment, the primary and secondary school principals face more and more challenges. If they can cultivate more positive psychological capital, they can have more positive energy to face the challenge of managing schools and create a campus atmosphere. The good cycle of the school makes the school affairs grow and progress under the cycle of goodness. Based on this, the purpose of this study is to construct the gratitude of the primary and secondary school principals, and explore the differences of the gratitude of different background variables about the primary and secondary school principals. In a word, this study is based on the survey of all public secondary schools and primary school principals in Kaohsiung City and Pingtung County. The statistical analysis of 373 national primary and secondary school principal questionnaires was conducted. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: (1) The Primary and Secondary School Principal's Gratitude Scale has quite satisfactory reliability and validity, and extracts the main facets of thanking others, thanking grace, thanking adversity and cherishing the present. (2) On the whole, the primary and secondary school principals have a high degree of gratitude, which shows that the primary and secondary school principals are a group of people who know how to be grateful and thankful. (3) The statistical analysis of this study shows that there are differences in the gratitude scores of the principals in different background variables. In general, there is no significant difference in the gratitude scores of the principals in background variables. Based on the above conclusions, we provide recommendations for education leaders, educators, educational administrations, and future research.