科技風險與倫理評價：以科技風險倫理來評估台灣基改生物與人工智能的社會爭議

Technological Risks and Ethical Evaluation: Applying a Risk Theory Ethics to the Social Controversies Surrounding Genetically Modified Organisms and Artificial Intelligence in Taiwan

本文發展一個「科技風險的倫理理論」，並使用它來進行一種非科學、非量化的倫理風險評估。這個理論主張人道目的、公正、豁免與永續是科技風險社會的優先價值，在面對科技風險的案例時，它們應該優先於效益、自由、慈善等價值，因為它們更能幫助社會管制科技風險。本文使用此理論來分析台灣的兩個科技的社會爭議：第一個是1990年代起的基改生物的科技風險爭議，第二個目前進行中的人工智能的科技風險爭議。

This paper aims to develop an ethical theory of risks, for assessing technological risks caused by a variety of techniques and artefacts. Although this theory aims to assess technological risks, it achieves this aim in a non-scientific and non-quantitative way. This ethical theory of risks claims that there are four superior values-humanity, fairness, exemption, and sustainable development-in our risk society and argues that these values help regulate technological risks more properly than do other values, such as utility, freedom, and beneficence, and, therefore, should be considered prior to them. In this paper, I will apply this theory to two social controversies surrounding technological risk in Taiwan: the first case is the controversy that swirled around genetically modified organisms in the 1990s; the second is the controversy currently engulfing artificial intelligence.