長照機構主動式消防設備之防火性能研究及分析

Performance Study and Analysis of Active Fire Protection System for Long-Term Care Institutions

長照機構內大部分住民為避難弱勢族群，一旦火災通常會導致重大傷亡事件發生，因此機構之防火安全一直為各界關心之重要議題。雖然長照機構之消防安全議題時常被討論，卻鮮少人探究各式主動式消防設備之防火性能及其適用性，本研究旨在對所有主動式消防設備進行綜合比較及分析以便使長照機構業者能更了解不同種類消防設備之優勢及劣勢，以期火災發生時消防設備能如預期發揮最大功效並大幅降低傷亡率。本研究方法運用「文獻分析法」與工程實務經驗探討與分析各消防設備之防火性能並針對設備特點進行綜合比較。研究結果發現細水霧具有能洗滌煙層、有效控制溫度、動作時間快及水損低等諸多優點，因此避難弱勢者將有更充裕之逃生時間。就施工期間對住民生活衝擊之影響程度，因為細水霧滅火設備之管徑及設備載重小且施工快速，因此不但能大幅縮短工期並能提升施工中之安全性。綜上所述，若細水霧設備未來可成為長照機構之法定系統，此舉必能大幅降低長照機構之火災風險及傷亡率。

The fire safety of long -term care institutions has always been an important issue of concern, since most of the people are vulnerable people, in the event of a fire, major deaths and injuries often occur. The fire safety issues of long-term care institutions have been often discussed, however few people have delved into the fire performance and suitability of various active fire protection systems. The aim of this study is to make a comprehensive comparison and analysis of different kinds of fire protection systems in order to make institutions understand system's pros and cons, so that in case of a fire, the fire protection systems would not only perform as expected but also significantly reduce the casualty rate. This research uses ''document analysis method'' and ''engineering practical experiences'' to explore and analyse the fire performance of various fire protection systems and make comprehensive comparisons between system features. Studies find that water mist has some advantages, including smoke scrubbing, better temperature control, faster response time, and lower water damage, etc, therefore vulnerable people would have more time for evacuation. As for the impact on residents' life in the installation, since water mist fire protection system has smaller pipe, lighter load and faster installation, which would not only greatly shorten the installation period, but also improve the safety level during installation. In summary, if the water mist system could become the compulsory system for the long-term care institutions in the near future, it is believed that this can significantly reduce the fire risk and casualty rate of long-term care institutions.