少年時期藥物濫用者的復元歷程探究

A Study on the Recovery Process of People Beginning in Drug Use during Adolescence

藥物濫用問題長久以來存在於我們的社會中，隨著快速攀升的少年藥物使用人數，犯罪、教育、社會等問題接踵而至，少年藥物濫用問題已是我們不得不積極面對的現況。儘管過去研究有不少討論，但仍多聚焦於藥物使用與預防，而少有對於復元的探討。本研究試圖以藥物濫用復元者自身的經驗，了解曾經的毒品使用者一路走來所經歷的轉變與轉折。透過深度訪談5位曾於少年時期長期使用非法藥物、現已復元者，藉以探討他們的藥物使用經驗、決定改變的原因，以及持續復元的歷程。本研究發現，引發受訪者改變藥物濫用行為的動機在於遭遇到重大生命事件，也就是轉捩點，例如車禍、入獄等。而改變歷程則有5個共同階段，包括：轉捩點、身癮戒除（過渡期）、下定決心、心理與社會復元，以及穩定期。除了自身的努力外，宗教、家人、學校或工作是他們在復元歷程中非常重要的助力。依照本研究結果，建議助人工作者要把握改變的契機，以朋友的角色與藥物濫用少年建立關係，並透過多方合作，以建立能夠協助他們走過復元歷程的支持網絡。

In the past few years, the number of adolescent drug abusershas increased sharply and became a serious problem. Although some research had explored related issues, most focused on prevention rather than recovery. To better understand the process of recovery, this study attempted to examine the experience of those who used drugs in adolescence, tried to understand their motivation for not using drugs, and factors facilitating their recovery. The study used a qualitative research design and conducted in-depth interviews with 5 individuals who had a history of drug use during adolescence, and has recovered for at least 6 months. Research findings indicated that their motivation to change happened during critical events, such as being prisoned, or after a serious car accident. These events weredefined as a turning point for recovery. In general, there were 5 stages in their recovery process, including: a turning point, an abstinence of physical addition (the transitional period), determination, psychological and social recovery, and finally, the continued abstinence. The study also examined the facilitating factors during their recovery process. These included religion, support from family members and friends, going back to school, or being employed. Based on these results, the study suggests that professionals working with young drug users should start with building up a non-authoritarian relationship and be a friend to them. Moreover, they should also work closely with other professionals to create a supportive environment for these young drug users. Furthermore, an integrated service system from family, school and community should be established to better assist their recovery.