我國陸海空軍刑法第三十四條「衛哨兵廢弛職務罪」之研究——兼評司法實務相關判決

The Study of Criminal Code of the Armed Forces Article 34——A Critical Study on Taiwan Court Judgment

衛兵、哨兵或其他擔任警戒職務之人，均為部隊之耳目，負維護部隊安全之職責，戰時尤應慎防敵人突襲，如廢弛職務，危害至鉅，陸海空軍刑法第34條第1項規定：「衛兵、哨兵或其他擔任警戒職務之人，因睡眠、酒醉或其他相類之情形，而廢弛職務，足以生軍事上之不利益者，處五年以下有期徒刑」。其中足以生軍事上之不利益者之構成要件，向來被認為係抽象危險犯。本文蒐整近期司法實務之相關刑事判決研析發現，對於前開問題之處理，似乎只要衛兵睡眠或酒醉就該當本罪，將「足以生軍事上之不利益」客觀構成要件之論述置之不顧，或未探究本罪為具體危險犯或抽象危險犯，而有違罪刑法定主義，是釐清危險犯之概念，乃本文研析之重點。最後結論，希冀對本罪在適用上更能周延、完備，同時防杜罪刑擅斷之流弊，保障現役軍人之基本權利。

The Criminal Code of the Armed Forces Article 34, paragraph 1: A guard, sentry, or any person who takes the guard duty of keeping on the alert neglects the duty for sleep, drunkenness or any other similar situations and causes injury to military interests shall be punished with imprisonment for not more than five years. One element of the crime for Article 34, paragraph 1 is subject to the injury caused to military interests, which have always been considered as crimes constituted by abstract endangerment of legal interests. As a result, those who could be sentenced for the misdemeanor of Article 35, paragraph 1, are instead being sentenced to the Article 34. This paper aims to discuss the relevant issues of the law with respect to human rights in military under Article 34, paragraph 1, through the legislative process, literature review and other methods to show that the element of the crime should be a concrete crime of danger, instead of abstract endangerment of legal interest.