卓蘭饒平客家話小稱詞調查研究

A Survey of the Diminutives in Zhuolan Raoping Hakka

本研究針對六位發音人，並利用181個常見的單音節詞根語素，調查卓蘭饒平客家話小稱詞。研究發現如下：第一，卓蘭饒平客家話鮮少出現小稱詞綴。第二，本調為非陰平調的單音節詞單唸即可，無後接小稱詞綴，也沒有小稱調產生，表示事物的總稱而非小稱。本調為陰平調[11]的單音節詞，少部分維持本調唸法，但大部分則發生小稱變調，兩者均無後接小稱詞綴，小稱變調調值經聲學分析後確認為[24]。第三，這種[11]陰平調變讀為[24]小稱調的演變模式是在詞彙中逐步擴散開來的，支持「詞彙擴散理論」語音漸變的觀點。從社會語言學變異學派的觀點來看，它具體展現出一個「正在進行中的變化」。

This study attempted to investigate the diminutives in Zhuolan Raoping Hakka(ZRH). Six elder informants participated in speech recordings. They were required to form diminutives with a word list of 181 commonly-used mono-syllables. The speeches were recorded for phonetic transcription and acoustic analysis. The results were stated as follows. First, the roots in ZRH occurred in monosyllabic forms without diminutive suffixes. Second, the roots carrying the Yangping, Shang, Qu, Yinru and Yangru citation tones surfaced in monosyllabic forms without diminutive tones(DTs) or diminutive markers. Most of the monosyllabic roots carrying the Yinping tone appeared with DTs. Confirmed by acoustic analysis, the tonal value of the DT was [24]. Third, supporting the view of Lexical Diffusion Theory, the tonal change from [11] to [24] was gradually spread through words. This process showed a change in progress in terms of the viewpoint of variationism in sociolinguistics. Compared with previous literature, this study made solider contributions to the understanings of the current status of diminutives and the formation of the DT in ZRH.